Sexually Dimorphic Regulation of Behavioral States by Dopamine in Caenorhabditis elegans
Sexually Dimorphic Regulation of Behavioral States by Dopamine in Caenorhabditis elegans
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.2985-18.2019
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发表时间：
2019-06-12
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Tsuboi, Takashi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Suo, Satoshi;Harada, Kazuki;Tsuboi, Takashi
行为上的性别差异使动物能够有效地交配和繁殖。然而，生物性别调节行为状态的机制，这是性别共享行为（如运动）调节的基础，在很大程度上是未知的。在这项研究中，我们研究了秀丽隐杆线虫的行为状态的性别差异，发现男性花更少的时间在一个低的运动活动状态比雌雄同体，多巴胺产生这种性别差异。在男性中，多巴胺通过与在男性特异性神经元中起作用的多囊肾疾病相关基因相同的途径来减少低活动状态。在雌雄同体中，多巴胺通过抑制性别共享的SIA神经元中的章鱼胺信号来增加低活动状态，该神经元对章鱼胺的反应性降低。此外，多巴胺促进雄性动物对细菌菌苔（食物来源）内外的探索，而抑制雌雄同体动物的探索。这些结果表明，性二态信号允许相同的神经调节剂，以促进适应行为的每一个性别。
Sex differences in behavior allow animals to effectively mate and reproduce. However, the mechanism by which biological sex regulates behavioral states, which underlie the regulation of sex-shared behaviors, such as locomotion, is largely unknown. In this study, we studied sex differences in the behavioral states of Caenorhabditis elegans and found that males spend less time in a low locomotor activity state than hermaphrodites and that dopamine generates this sex difference. In males, dopamine reduces the low activity state by acting in the same pathway as polycystic kidney disease-related genes that function in male-specific neurons. In hermaphrodites, dopamine increases the low activity state by suppression of octopamine signaling in the sex-shared SIA neurons, which have reduced responsiveness to octopamine in males. Furthermore, dopamine promotes exploration both inside and outside of bacterial lawn (the food source) in males and suppresses it in hermaphrodites. These results demonstrate that sexually dimorphic signaling allows the same neuromodulator to promote adaptive behavior for each sex.