With you or against you: social orientation dependent learning signals guide actions made for others.
With you or against you: social orientation dependent learning signals guide actions made for others.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.09.011
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
King-Casas B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Christopoulos GI;King-Casas B
在社会环境中，决策者不仅要考虑自己的行为对自己的影响，还要考虑对其他社会行动者的影响，这一点至关重要。先前的工作已经确定纹状体中的神经信号编码基于值的预测错误对自己的结果；此外，最近的研究表明，前额叶皮层的神经活动可能类似地编码与他人结果相关的基于价值的预测错误。然而，前人的研究也表明，社会价值取向并不是同构的，决策者的社会价值取向在合作和竞争连续体之间变化；这种差异尚未在社会学习环境中得到检验。在这里，我们将学习的计算模型与功能性神经成像结合起来，研究取向的个体差异如何影响“他者价值”学习背后的神经机制。在四个实验条件下，其他价值的强化学习信号在内侧前额叶皮层被识别，并且与纹状体中识别的自我价值学习信号不同。重要的是，他者价值学习信号的大小和方向在很大程度上取决于个体对他人的合作或竞争取向。这些数据表明，社会决策是由社会取向依赖的学习系统指导的，该系统在计算上与自我价值学习相似，但在解剖学上与自我价值学习不同。内侧前额叶学习信号对社会偏好的敏感性表明，将这种偏好与社会行为中的偏见联系起来的机制，并强调了在社会行为的神经计算模型中纳入异质社会倾向的重要性。
In social environments, it is crucial that decision-makers take account of the impact of their actions not only for oneself, but also on other social agents. Previous work has identified neural signals in the striatum encoding value-based prediction errors for outcomes to oneself; also, recent work suggests neural activity in prefrontal cortex may similarly encode value-based prediction errors related to outcomes to others. However, prior work also indicates that social valuations are not isomorphic, with social value orientations of decision-makers ranging on a cooperative to competitive continuum; this variation has not been examined within social learning environments. Here, we combine a computational model of learning with functional neuroimaging to examine how individual differences in orientation impact neural mechanisms underlying ‘other-value’ learning. Across four experimental conditions, reinforcement learning signals for other-value were identified in medial prefrontal cortex, and were distinct from self-value learning signals identified in striatum. Critically, the magnitude and direction of the other-value learning signal depended strongly on an individual’s cooperative or competitive orientation towards others. These data indicate that social decisions are guided by a social orientation-dependent learning system that is computationally similar but anatomically distinct from self-value learning. The sensitivity of the medial prefrontal learning signal to social preferences suggests a mechanism linking such preferences to biases in social actions and highlights the importance of incorporating heterogeneous social predispositions in neurocomputational models of social behavior.