RESPONSES OF THE NERVE CELL BODY TO AXOTOMY
RESPONSES OF THE NERVE CELL BODY TO AXOTOMY
复制标题
神经细胞体对轴切术的反应
DOI：
10.1227/01.neu.0000352378.26755.c3
复制
发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
X. Bo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Richardson;Tizong Miao;Dongsheng Wu;Yi Zhang;J. Yeh;X. Bo
目的周围神经损伤使受损神经元发生逆行改变，有利于轴突再生。更好地理解这些条件性反应的诱导和调节机制将有助于设计策略，在这些反应不足的情况下在神经元中激发更强的再生反应。方法对相关文献进行综述。结果外周神经切断对初级感觉神经元中枢轴突再生影响的实验准备有助于研究神经元条件化的机制。尽管有40年的猜测，但损伤神经向神经细胞体发出轴突信号的损伤信号的性质仍然难以捉摸。神经生成性细胞因子家族的成员显然与此有关，但诱导它们的原因尚不清楚。在轴突切断的神经元中，基因调控的多种变化已经被描述，并且已经确定了数十个与生长相关的基因：神经营养因子、转录因子、参与轴突运输的分子和生长锥中活跃的分子。一些再生相关分子与导致生长锥体肌动蛋白和微管蛋白重塑的信号级联的相互作用机制被更详细地理解。在动物中，病毒基因疗法将再生相关基因输送到神经元，或其他局部措施来诱导这些基因，可以促进再生。一些药物，全身给药，对轴突再生的益处很小。结论实验室研究的进展为神经切断后的细胞体反应提供了具有临床意义的知识。
OBJECTIVEPeripheral nerve injury causes retrograde changes in the damaged neurons, which are beneficial to axonal regeneration. Better understanding of the mechanisms of induction and mediation of these conditioning responses would help to design strategies to invoke stronger regenerative responses in neurons in situations when these responses are inadequate. METHODSRelevant literature is reviewed. RESULTSExperimental preparations that measure the influence of peripheral axotomy on regeneration in the central axons of primary sensory neurons are useful to examine mechanisms of conditioning neurons. Despite 4 decades of speculation, the nature of the damage signals from injured nerves that initiate axonal signals to the nerve cell body remains elusive. Members of the family of neuropoietic cytokines are clearly implicated, but what induces them is unknown. Multiple changes in gene regulation in axotomized neurons have been described, and dozens of growth-associated genes have been identified: neurotrophic factors, transcription factors, molecules participating in axonal transport, and molecules active in the growth cone. The mechanisms of interaction of a few regeneration-associated molecules with the signaling cascades that lead to actin and tubulin remodeling at the growth cone are understood in some detail. In animals, viral gene therapy to deliver regeneration-associated genes to neurons or other local measures to induce these genes can improve regeneration. A few pharmacological agents, administered systemically, have small beneficial effects on axonal regeneration. CONCLUSIONAdvances in laboratory research have provided knowledge of cell body responses to axotomy with clinical relevance.
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Costigan M;Befort K;Karchewski L;Griffin RS;D'Urso D;Allchorne A;Sitarski J;Mannion JW;Pratt RE;Woolf CJ
通讯作者：
Woolf CJ