Social Capital and Fisheries Management: The Case of Chilika Lake in India
Social Capital and Fisheries Management: The Case of Chilika Lake in India
复制标题
社会资本与渔业管理：印度奇利卡湖案例
DOI：
10.1007/s00267-006-0183-0
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发表时间：
2007
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
N. U. Sekhar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. U. Sekhar
本文展示了社会资本如何影响印度奥里萨邦奇里卡湖地方一级的渔业管理。在Chilika，不同的捕鱼团体建立了规范和“游戏规则”，包括但不限于，决定谁可以在什么区域捕鱼的空间限制，决定人们可以捕鱼的时间和时间的时间限制，决定每个团体可以使用什么渔具的工具限制，以及对可以捕捞的鱼的大小和其他特征的物理控制。一项对捕鱼群体成员的调查表明，在Chilika捕鱼群体中，社会资本的凝聚力很强。在资源短缺时，社会资本的纽带和桥梁作用使渔民团结在一起，检查违反社区规则和制裁的行为，并加强社区渔业管理。相比之下，在奇利卡，连接社会资本似乎很薄弱，这一点从对外部机构缺乏信任、寻求正式机构的帮助以获得法律支持以及冲突不断增加中可见一斑。渔民之间的信任与合作对于帮助建立社会资本至关重要。从社会资本的角度看渔业治理，建议重新考虑优先事项和供资机制，从“自上而下”的渔业管理转向“共同管理”，重点是为渔民及其社区确立权利和责任。
This article shows how social capital impacts fisheries management at the local level in Chilika Lake, located in the state of Orissa in India. In Chilika, the different fishing groups established norms and “rules of the game” including, but not limited to,spatiallimits that determine who can fish and in what areas,temporalrestrictions about when and for how long people may fish,gearconstraints about what harvesting gear may be used by each group, andphysicalcontrols on size and other characteristics of fish that may be harvested. A survey of the members of fishing groups has shown that the bonding social capital is strong within the Chilika fishing groups. Bonding and bridging social capital keeps the fishers together in times of resource scarcity, checks violations of community rules and sanctions, and strengthens the community fisheries management. In contrast, linking social capital in Chilika appears to be weak, as is evident from the lack of trust in external agencies, seeking the help of formal institutions for legal support, and increasing conflicts. Trust and cooperation among fishers is crucial in helping to build the social capital. A social capital perspective on fisheries governance suggests that there should be a rethinking of priorities and funding mechanisms, from “top-down” fisheries management towards “co-management” with a focus on engendering rights and responsibilities for fishers and their communities.