Emotion and False Memory
Emotion and False Memory
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DOI：
10.1177/1754073915601228
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Loftus, Elizabeth F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kaplan, Robin L.;Van Damme, Ilse;Loftus, Elizabeth F.
情感记忆生动而持久，但不一定准确。在某些情况下，情绪甚至会增加人们对错误记忆的敏感性。这篇评论讨论了情绪何时以及为什么会让人们容易记错事件。最近的研究表明，目标前情绪-那些在目标实现或失败之前经历的情绪（例如，希望，恐惧）-缩小人们对信息的关注范围，这些信息对他们的目标至关重要。这种狭隘的关注会损害对周边细节的记忆，使人们容易受到关于这些细节的错误信息的影响。相比之下，目标后情绪-那些在目标实现或失败后经历的情绪（例如，快乐，悲伤）-扩大注意力的范围，使人们更能抵抗错误信息。法律的背景下，如情绪相关的错误，目击者证词的影响进行了讨论。
Emotional memories are vivid and lasting but not necessarily accurate. Under some conditions, emotion even increases people's susceptibility to false memories. This review addresses when and why emotion leaves people vulnerable to misremembering events. Recent research suggests that pregoal emotions-those experienced before goal attainment or failure (e.g., hope, fear)-narrow the scope of people's attention to information that is central to their goals. This narrow focus can impair memory for peripheral details, leaving people vulnerable to misinformation concerning those details. In contrast, postgoal emotions-those experienced after goal attainment or failure (e.g., happiness, sadness)-broaden the scope of attention leaving people more resistant to misinformation. Implications for legal contexts, such as emotion-related errors in eyewitness testimony, are discussed.