Strongly heterogeneous patterns of groundwater depletion in Northwestern India
Strongly heterogeneous patterns of groundwater depletion in Northwestern India
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126492
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发表时间：
2021-05
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
S. K. Joshi;Sanjeev Gupta;R. Sinha;A. Densmore;S. Rai;S. Shekhar;P. Mason;W. M. Dijk
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. K. Joshi;Sanjeev Gupta;R. Sinha;A. Densmore;S. Rai;S. Shekhar;P. Mason;W. M. Dijk
印度西北部已被确定为地下水枯竭的一个重要热点，过度抽取对地下水的可持续性造成了重大影响。我们对该地区地下水储量的详细时空变化知之甚少，也不了解控制这些变化的因素之间的相互作用。印度的地下水管理者和政策制定者需要这些信息来监测地下水的发展，并为地下水的可持续管理做出战略决策。在这里，我们通过对历史地下水位数据的现场测量分析，描述了印度西北部地下水位和蓄水变化的高分辨率时空变异性。我们注意到，1974年至2001年，季风期前地下水储量缓慢增加，为0.58±0.35千米3，季风期后为0.40±0.35千米~3。然而，从2002年到2010年，在季风前和季风后，地下水储量迅速枯竭，−为32.30亿±0.34亿平方公里，后季风时期为24.42百万美元±0.34亿平方公里。重要的是，我们观察到地下水位和蓄水变化的显著空间异质性，以及横向尺度为数十公里的明显的地下水枯竭热点。地下水抽取的空间变异性部分解释了地下水枯竭模式，但我们也发现含水层系统的沉积学非均质性与地下水位变化的长期模式广泛相关。这种相关性，以及地下水位变化和水质之间的空间一致性，为预测未来的枯竭模式和指导地下水监测和特定领域的管理战略提供了一个框架。
Northwestern India has been identified as a significant hotspot of groundwater depletion, with major implications for groundwater sustainability caused by excessive abstraction. We know relatively little about the detailed spatial and temporal changes in groundwater storage in this region, nor do we understand the interplay of factors controlling these changes. Groundwater managers and policymakers in India require such information to monitor groundwater development and make strategic decisions for the sustainable management of groundwater. Here, we characterise high-resolution spatio-temporal variability in groundwater levels and storage change across northwestern India through analysis ofin situmeasurements of historical groundwater level data. We note a slow gain in groundwater storage of + 0.58 ± 0.35 km3for the pre-monsoon and + 0.40 ± 0.35 km3for the post-monsoon period between 1974 and 2001. However, from 2002 to 2010, groundwater storage was rapidly depleted by −32.30 ± 0.34 km3in the pre-monsoon and −24.42 ± 0.34 km3in the post-monsoon period. Importantly, we observe marked spatial heterogeneity in groundwater levels and storage change and distinct hotspots of groundwater depletion with lateral length scales of tens of kilometers. Spatial variability in groundwater abstraction partially explains the depletion pattern, but we also find that the sedimentological heterogeneity of the aquifer system correlates broadly with long-term patterns of groundwater-level change. This correlation, along with the spatial agreement between groundwater level change and water quality, provides a framework for anticipating future depletion patterns and guiding groundwater monitoring and domain-specific management strategies.