EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS IN THE VICINITY OF LAKE SIBAYA, WITH A NOTE ON OTHER AREAS OF TONGALAND (NATAL, SOUTH-AFRICA)
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS IN THE VICINITY OF LAKE SIBAYA, WITH A NOTE ON OTHER AREAS OF TONGALAND (NATAL, SOUTH-AFRICA)
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DOI：
10.1080/00034983.1979.11687297
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发表时间：
1979-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
BRUTON, MN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
APPLETON, CC;BRUTON, MN
本文讨论了南非汤加兰西巴亚湖地区欠发达农村环境中人血吸虫病和牛血吸虫病的流行病学。血血吸虫感染的平均流行率为72%，但没有曼氏血吸虫；给出了可能的原因，并表明不同类型的水生境在传播中起着不同的作用。对鳄鱼和河马的恐惧是很重要的，因为村民们被迫使用更小、更浅的栖息地，而不是更深、更大的栖息地，在那里发现了这两种蜗牛。由于春季的高温，在较深的地点，这种不连续的分布与当地的气候条件有关。人口的涌入，如汤加兰的经济发展所导致的，不仅会导致鳄鱼和河马数量的减少，从而鼓励人类与更深的水体接触，而且会有利于将S. mansoni引入至少一些栖息地。在汤加兰其余地区以及莫桑比克南部和中部的低地也存在类似的人类血吸虫病流行模式。汤加兰牛中马修球菌的平均流行率为42%，尽管没有数据，但莫桑比克似乎也可能有类似的百分比。
The epidemiology of human and bovine schistosomiasis in the Lake Sibaya area of Tongaland, South Africa, an undeveloped rural environment, is discussed. The mean prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium infection is 72%, but S. mansoni is absent; possible reasons for this are given and the different types of water habitat are shown to play different roles in transmission. Fear of crocodiles and hippopotami is important because villagers are compelled to use for domestic purposes, the smaller, shallower habitats, where Bulinus globosus occurs but not Biomphalaria pfeifferi, rather than the deeper, larger ones where both snails are found. This discontinuous distribution of B. pfeifferi in the deeper sites, due to the high temperatures in spring, is viewed in relation to local climatic conditions. A human population influx, such as would result from the economic development of Tongaland, would cause not only a decline in crocodile and hippopotamus populations, and thus encourage human contact with the deeper waterbodies, but would favor the introduction of S. mansoni into at least some of these habitats. A similar prevalence pattern of human schistosomiasis exists over the remainder of Tongaland and the lowlands of southern and central Mozambique. The mean prevalence of S. mattheei in Tongaland cattle is 42% and although data are not available a comparable percentage seems likely in Mozambique.