Politics of Inclusion: Castes, Minorities, and Affirmative Action
Politics of Inclusion: Castes, Minorities, and Affirmative Action
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包容性政治：种姓、少数群体和平权行动
DOI：
10.1177/004908570903900210
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
P. Das
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Das
在印度实现独立后，决策者、宪法创始人、政治家和社会改革者都关注通过包容性战略提高受压迫群众的地位，将他们纳入主流，以履行民主、社会主义和世俗国家的宪法义务。然而，新独立的国家，如印度，在社会政策上从帝国主义的纯粹政治代表立场到福利立场，发生了根本性的转变。因此，国家为实现平等和社会正义而采取的包容性办法，强调了对某些社会群体的优惠待遇，因为这些群体迄今为止处于落后地位，而且没有社会能力。然而，政策论述没有考虑到这些社会群体无论宗教如何在各个领域都存在的真实的落后感。从宪法框架一开始，国家就采取了不同的战略，以包容不同的社会群体。虽然少数群体被纳入保护文化特性的旗帜之下，但弱势种姓被纳入社会正义的框架之内。这些政策之所以有争议，是因为对谁应该成为目标、为什么应该成为目标以及在什么条件下成为目标存在争议。这或多或少地提出了印度扶持政策的中立性问题。此外，无论是根据其历史地位来确定群体，还是根据社会、经济和文化落后的综合标准来确定贫困，这些都是Zoya Hasan在本书中批判性研究的问题。
After India achieved its independence, policymakers, founding fathers of the constitution, politicians and the social reformers were concerned about the upliftment of the downtrodden masses through the inclusive strategies to integrate them in to the mainstream for fulfilling the constitutional obligations of a democratic, socialistic and secular country. Nevertheless the newly independent state as India took a radical shift in its approach from the imperialist’s mere political representation to welfare stance in social policy. As a result the state’s approach of inclusion to bring equality and social justice emphasised preferential treatment to certain social groups based on their hitherto backwardness and social disabilities. However, the policy discourse did not take into account the real sense of backwardness which was present in every realm of these social groups irrespective of religions. From the very beginning of the constitutional frame, the state has adopted differential strategies for the inclusion of different social groups. While minorities are included under the banner of cultural identities protection, disadvantaged castes are included in the framework of social justice. Such policies are contentious because there is a controversy over who should be targeted, why they should be targeted and under what conditions? More or less, this raises a question of neutrality of affirmative policies in India. Further, whether to identify groups on the basis of their historical status or in terms of deprivation by a combination of criteria of social, economic and cultural backwardness, these are the questions, which are critically examined in this present work of Zoya Hasan.