Morphology and ultrastructure of retrovirus particles.
Morphology and ultrastructure of retrovirus particles.
复制标题
逆转录病毒颗粒的形态和超微结构。
DOI：
10.3934/biophy.2015.3.343
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Mansky LM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhang W;Cao S;Martin JL;Mueller JD;Mansky LM
逆转录病毒的形态发生涉及Gag蛋白和病毒基因组在宿主质膜上的组装，通过发芽获得病毒膜和囊膜蛋白，通过成熟过程形成核心。尽管在未成熟和成熟的逆转录病毒中，Gag和衣壳蛋白都是以准晶体结构组织的，但在一个或所有病毒颗粒中，这些蛋白质阵列的曲线明显不均匀。逆转录病毒的异质性给研究Gag和衣壳晶格内的蛋白质接触带来了巨大的挑战。本文综述了逆转录病毒分子组织的研究现状，这些逆转录病毒来源于未成熟的病毒颗粒、螺旋衣壳蛋白组件和可溶性包膜蛋白复合体的亚纳米结构。这些研究提供了对维持病毒颗粒的稳定性、灵活性和传染性的分子元件的洞察。此外，还对逆转录病毒的萌发、成熟、感染和细胞间传播的形态研究进行了综述，这些研究为病毒和细胞在感染和传播过程中的结构变化提供了信息，并有助于更好地了解病毒功能蛋白和宿主细胞之间的相互作用。
Retrovirus morphogenesis entails assembly of Gag proteins and the viral genome on the host plasma membrane, acquisition of the viral membrane and envelope proteins through budding, and formation of the core through the maturation process. Although in both immature and mature retroviruses, Gag and capsid proteins are organized as paracrystalline structures, the curvatures of these protein arrays are evidently not uniform within one or among all virus particles. The heterogeneity of retroviruses poses significant challenges to studying the protein contacts within the Gag and capsid lattices. This review focuses on current understanding of the molecular organization of retroviruses derived from the sub-nanometer structures of immature virus particles, helical capsid protein assemblies and soluble envelope protein complexes. These studies provide insight into the molecular elements that maintain the stability, flexibility and infectivity of virus particles. Also reviewed are morphological studies of retrovirus budding, maturation, infection and cell-cell transmission, which inform the structural transformation of the viruses and the cells during infection and viral transmission, and lead to better understanding of the interplay between the functioning viral proteins and the host cell.