Neural predictors of alcohol use and psychopathology symptoms in adolescents.
Neural predictors of alcohol use and psychopathology symptoms in adolescents.
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DOI：
10.1017/s0954579416000766
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发表时间：
2016-11
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Tapert SF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brumback TY;Worley M;Nguyen-Louie TT;Squeglia LM;Jacobus J;Tapert SF
青春期是一个以冒险、寻求感觉和情绪失调增加为标志的时期。青少年发育的神经生物学模型提出，与奖励和情绪处理相关的区域相比，与情感和行为控制相关的大脑区域的发育滞后可能是这些行为表现的基础。横断面研究已经确定了几个功能性大脑网络，可能有助于青少年物质使用和精神病理学的风险。确定前瞻性预测物质使用和精神病理学的大脑结构措施可以改善我们对导致这些问题的机制的理解，并导致预防工作的改善。参与者（N = 265）是健康的药物初治青少年（12-14岁），他们接受了磁共振成像，然后每年随访长达13年。皮质厚度和表面积的措施，三个前额叶区域（背外侧前额叶皮层，额下回，眶额皮质）和三个皮质区域从确定的功能网络（前扣带回皮质，岛叶皮质，顶叶皮质）被用来预测随后的酗酒，外化症状，和内化症状。青少年早期较薄的背外侧前额叶皮层和下额叶皮层分别预测了青少年晚期更多的酗酒和外化症状（ps < .05）。有酒精使用障碍的家族史预示着更多随后的酗酒和外在症状。较薄的顶叶皮质，而不是家族史，预测更多的后续内化症状（p <0.05）。本研究强调了青少年早期的突显、抑制和执行控制网络的成熟与青少年后期行为结果之间的时间关联。我们的研究结果表明，这些大脑区域的发育变化早于物质使用和精神病理学的行为结果，因此可以作为脆弱性的前瞻性生物标志物。
Adolescence is a period marked by increases in risk taking, sensation seeking, and emotion dysregulation. Neurobiological models of adolescent development propose that lagging development in brain regions associated with affect and behavior control compared to regions associated with reward and emotion processing may underlie these behavioral manifestations. Cross-sectional studies have identified several functional brain networks that may contribute to risk for substance use and psychopathology in adolescents. Determining brain structure measures that prospectively predict substance use and psychopathology could refine our understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to these problems, and lead to improved prevention efforts. Participants (N = 265) were healthy substance-naïve adolescents (ages 12–14) who underwent magnetic resonance imaging and then were followed annually for up to 13 years. Cortical thickness and surface area measures for three prefrontal regions (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, inferior frontal gyrus, and orbitofrontal cortex) and three cortical regions from identified functional networks (anterior cingulate cortex, insular cortex, and parietal cortex) were used to predict subsequent binge drinking, externalizing symptoms, and internalizing symptoms. Thinner dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and inferior frontal cortex in early adolescence predicted more binge drinking and externalizing symptoms, respectively, in late adolescence (ps < .05). Having a family history of alcohol use disorder predicted more subsequent binge drinking and externalizing symptoms. Thinner parietal cortex, but not family history, predicted more subsequent internalizing symptoms (p < .05). This study emphasizes the temporal association between maturation of the salience, inhibition, and executive control networks in early adolescence and late adolescent behavior outcomes. Our findings indicate that developmental variations in these brain regions predate behavioral outcomes of substance use and psychopathology, and may therefore serve as prospective biomarkers of vulnerability.