Iron and the female athlete: a review of dietary treatment methods for improving iron status and exercise performance.
Iron and the female athlete: a review of dietary treatment methods for improving iron status and exercise performance.
复制标题
铁与女运动员：对改善铁状态和运动表现的饮食治疗方法的综述。
DOI：
10.1186/s12970-015-0099-2
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Plunkett A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alaunyte I;Stojceska V;Plunkett A
铁是人体氧气运输和能量产生的功能成分，因此是运动和锻炼表现至关重要的微量营养素。运动员，特别是参加耐力运动的女运动员，由于月经和与耐力活动相关的运动诱发机制导致铁流失增加，铁状况受损的风险增加。传统上，口服铁补充剂用于预防或/和治疗铁缺乏症。然而，这种方法受到了批评，因为使用补充剂会产生副作用并增加铁中毒的风险。因此，最近人们越来越关注使用饮食调整而不是使用补充剂来改善运动员的铁状况。膳食铁治疗方法包括开出富含铁的饮食或/和基于血红素铁的饮食、饮食建议咨询以及将新型富含铁的产品纳入日常饮食中。尽管使用饮食调整的研究仍然很少，但目前的文献表明，膳食铁干预措施可以帮助女运动员维持铁状态，特别是在强化训练和比赛期间。未来的研究应重点关注改善铁状况的最有效的饮食调整方法，以及这些方法是否可以对运动和锻炼表现产生有利的影响。
Iron is a functional component of oxygen transport and energy production in humans and therefore is a critically important micronutrient for sport and exercise performance. Athletes, particularly female athletes participating in endurance sport, are at increased risk of compromised iron status due to heightened iron losses through menstruation and exercise-induced mechanisms associated with endurance activity. Conventionally oral iron supplementation is used in prevention or/and treatment of iron deficiency. However, this approach has been criticised because of the side effects and increased risk of iron toxicity associated with the use of supplements. Thus, more recently there has been a growing interest in using dietary modification rather than the use of supplements to improve iron status of athletes. Dietary iron treatment methods include the prescription of an iron-rich diet, or/and haem iron-based diet, dietary advice counselling and inclusion of novel iron-rich products into the daily diet. Although studies using dietary modification are still scarce, current literature suggests that dietary iron interventions can assist in maintaining iron status in female athletes, especially during intensive training and competition. Future research should focus on the most efficient method(s) of dietary modification for improvement of iron status and whether these approaches can have a favourable impact on sports and exercise performance.