Unravelling the origins of S0 galaxies using maximum likelihood analysis of planetary nebulae kinematics
Unravelling the origins of S0 galaxies using maximum likelihood analysis of planetary nebulae kinematics
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利用行星状星云运动学的最大似然分析揭示 S0 星系的起源
DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18429.x
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Freeman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cortesi;Merrifield;Arnaboldi;Gerhard;Martinez-Valpuesta;Coccato;Bamford;Napolitano;Douglas;Romanowsky;Kuijken;Capaccioli;Freeman
To investigate the origins of S0 galaxies, we present a new method of analysing their stellar kinematics from discrete tracers such as planetary nebulae. This method involves binning the data in the radial direction so as to extract the most general possible non-parametric kinematic profiles, and using a maximum-likelihood fit within each bin in order to make full use of the information in the discrete kinematic tracers. Both disc and spheroid kinematic components are fitted, with a two-dimensional decomposition of imaging data used to attribute to each tracer a probability of membership in the separate components. Likelihood clipping also allows us to identify objects whose properties are not consistent with the adopted model, rendering the technique robust against contaminants and able to identify additional kinematic features.The method is first tested on anN-body simulated galaxy to assess possible sources of systematic error associated with the structural and kinematic decomposition, which are found to be small. It is then applied to the S0 system NGC 1023, for which a planetary nebula catalogue has already been released and analysed by Noordermer et al. The correct inclusion of the spheroidal component allows us to show that, contrary to previous claims, the stellar kinematics of this galaxy are indistinguishable from those of a normal spiral galaxy, indicating that it may have evolved directly from such a system via gas stripping or secular evolution. The method also successfully identifies a population of outliers whose kinematics are different from those of the main galaxy; these objects can be identified with a stellar stream associated with the companion galaxy NGC 1023A.
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S0 星系 NGC 1553 盘中的速度色散
DOI：
10.1086/162581
发表时间：
1984
期刊：
The Astrophysical Journal
影响因子：
--
作者：
J. Kormendy
通讯作者：
J. Kormendy
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
A. Romanowsky;N. Douglas;M. Arnaboldi;K. Kuijken;M. Merrifield;N. Napolitano;M. Capaccioli;K. Freeman
通讯作者：
K. Freeman
行星状星云摄谱仪：银河运动学的绿灯
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
N. Douglas;M. Arnaboldi;K. Freeman;K. Kuijken;M. Merrifield;A. Romanowsky;K. Taylor;M. Capaccioli;T. Axelrod;R. Gilmozzi;J. Hart;G. Bloxham;D. Jones
通讯作者：
D. Jones
行星状星云作为其母星系的质量示踪剂：运动学量估计中的偏差
影响因子：
6.5
作者：
N. Napolitano;M. Arnaboldi;K. Freeman;M. C. O. A. D. Capodimonte;Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche;U. F. I. Napoli;Rsaa;Mount Stromlo Observatory;Australian National University
通讯作者：
Australian National University
使用 NGC 1023 中的行星状星云运动学测试 S0 星系的性质
DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12809.x
发表时间：
2007
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
E. Noordermeer;M. Merrifield;L. Coccato;M. Arnaboldi;M. Capaccioli;N. G. Douglas;K. C. Freeman;O. Gerhard;K. Kuijken;F. Lorenzi;N. Napolitano;A. Romanowsky;A. Romanowsky
通讯作者：
A. Romanowsky