Climate-Smart Agriculture and Non-Agricultural Livelihood Transformation
Climate-Smart Agriculture and Non-Agricultural Livelihood Transformation
复制标题
气候智能型农业和非农生计转型
作者：
J. Hellin;E. Fisher
农业研究人员开发了一些农业技术和做法，统称为气候智能型农业（CSA），作为适应和减缓气候变化努力的一部分。发展实践者投资于扩大这些规模，以产生更广泛的影响。我们用危地马拉西部高地的例子来说明如何把重点放在采用CSA的农民数量可以促进农民同质化的趋势，而不是认识到农业人口内的差异。贫困是西部高地的地方病，土地分配不公平意味着农民平均每人只能获得0.06公顷土地。对许多农民来说，农业本身并不代表脱贫之路，他们越来越依赖非农业收入来源。因此，针对小农户的有效的全面保障措施忽视了小农户转变生计的不同能力，而这种能力与农业和非农业的不同生计途径所提供的机会和制约因素有关。气候智能型干预措施往往需要更广泛和更激进的议程，其中包括支持农户建立非农业生计的能力。包括农业和非农业生计的生计转型的气候风险管理备选方案将需要协调一致的跨学科研究和开发，其中包括比迄今为止在CSA范围内往往更广泛的学科。
Agricultural researchers have developed a number of agricultural technologies and practices, known collectively as climate-smart agriculture (CSA), as part of climate change adaptation and mitigation efforts. Development practitioners invest in scaling these to have a wider impact. We use the example of the Western Highlands in Guatemala to illustrate how a focus on the number of farmers adopting CSA can foster a tendency to homogenize farmers, instead of recognizing differentiation within farming populations. Poverty is endemic in the Western Highlands, and inequitable land distribution means that farmers have, on average, access to 0.06 ha per person. For many farmers, agriculture per se does not represent a pathway out of poverty, and they are increasingly reliant on non-agricultural income sources. Ineffective targeting of CSA, hence, ignores small-scale farming households’ different capacities for livelihood transformation, which are linked to the opportunities and constraints afforded by different livelihood pathways, agricultural and non-agricultural. Climate-smart interventions will often require a broader and more radical agenda that includes supporting farm households’ ability to build non-agricultural-based livelihoods. Climate risk management options that include livelihood transformation of both agricultural and non-agricultural livelihoods will require concerted cross-disciplinary research and development that encompasses a broader set of disciplines than has tended to be the case to date within the context of CSA.