Diversity and occurrence of coprophilous fungi
Diversity and occurrence of coprophilous fungi
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DOI：
10.1017/s0953756201003884
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发表时间：
2001-04-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Richardson, MJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Richardson, MJ
在粪便样本上生长的真菌被记录下来，这些样本来自广泛的地点，并在潮湿的室内孵化。不同粪便类型、不同纬度范围、不同季节采集的菌群之间存在极显著差异。羊、牛、鹿、兔子、野兔和松鸡提供了425个样本中的86%。6种粪便类型的真菌群落组成存在极显著差异。鸡腿霉是最常见的担子菌，在羊、牛、鹿和兔上也是最常见的担子菌；在所有分类群中，鸡腿霉是唯一常见的种，其在不同粪便上的出现频率没有显著差异。病原真菌约占记录总数的1/4，其中Ascobolus、Saccobolus和Thelebolus spp.、Iodophanus carneus和Lasiobolus cccilli最为常见。卡氏拟青霉仅在松鸡身上发生，但经常发生。侧生种，尤指裂口菌属、芽孢菌属。Coniochaeta和Sporomiella，约占所有记录的50%。松鸡粪便真菌区系的物种丰富度较低(平均每个样本3.2个)，而哺乳动物的平均物种丰富度为9-12个种。每件样品。在温带地区，冬季样品上记录的物种较多。物种丰富度在低纬度地区的样本中更高。讨论了不同粪便类型组成的显著差异与其真菌群落的关系。通过与30年前一项类似但规模较小的研究的结果进行比较，并通过检查摩洛哥一个主观上较差的栖息地的样本的多样性，考虑了研究粪便微观世界的真菌作为快速生物多样性评估手段的有用性。没有迹象表明共生真菌生物群有任何重大变化，这可能与气候变化或过去30年来改变的耕作做法有关。摩洛哥样本的多样性(80种/50种样本)远远低于根据全球数据集对该纬度地区样本(146种/50种样本)的预期。
Fungi developing on dung samples, from a wide range of locations and incubated in moist chambers, were recorded. Highly significant differences were found among the mycobiota of different dung types, from different latitudinal ranges, and collected at different seasons. Sheep, cattle, deer, rabbit, hare and grouse provided 86 % of the 425 samples. Highly significant differences in the community composition of the mycobiota of these six dung types were observed. Coprinus stercoreus was the commonest basidiomycete, and most frequent on sheep, cattle, deer and rabbit: C. miser was the only common species, of any taxonomic group, which showed no significant difference in its frequency on different dungs. Apothecial fungi comprised about a quarter of the records, with Ascobolus, Saccobolus and Thelebolus spp., Iodophanus carneus and Lasiobolus cuniculi the commonest. A. carletonii occurred uniquely, but frequently, on grouse. Perithecial species, especially of Schizothecium, Podospora. Coniochaeta and Sporomiella, accounted for ca 50% of ail records. The grouse dung mycobiota was markedly different, with a lower species richness (mean 3.2 per sample), from that of the mammalian herbivores, which had means of 9-12 spp. per sample. In temperate latitudes more species were recorded on samples in winter. Species richness was greater in samples from lower latitudes. Significant differences in the composition of different dung types are discussed in relation to their fungal communities. The usefulness of studying the fungi of the dung microcosm as a means of rapid biodiversity assessment is considered, by comparing the results with those of a similar, but smaller, study 30 years earlier, and by examining the diversity of a sample from a subjectively poor habitat in Morocco. There was no indication of any major change in the coprophilous mycobiota that might be associated, e.g. with climatic change or changed farming practice over the last three decades. The Moroccan samples had a much lower diversity (80 spp./50 samples) than would be expected of samples from that latitude (146 spp./50 samples) based on the worldwide data set.