Vitamin C: the known and the unknown and Goldilocks.
Vitamin C: the known and the unknown and Goldilocks.
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DOI：
10.1111/odi.12446
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发表时间：
2016-09
期刊：
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Levine M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Padayatty SJ;Levine M
维生素C(抗坏血酸)是一种抗坏血酸，人类和其他灵长类动物不能合成，必须从饮食中获得。抗坏血酸是电子供体，是15种哺乳动物酶的辅因子。两个钠依赖的转运体是抗坏血酸的专一性转运体，其氧化产物脱氢抗坏血酸由葡萄糖转运体转运。抗坏血酸在大多数组织和体液中有不同程度的积聚。血浆和组织中的维生素C浓度取决于消耗量、生物利用度、肾脏排泄和利用率。为了具有生物学意义或临床意义，对维生素C作用的体外和体内研究必须考虑到维生素的生理浓度。在这篇文章中，我们回顾了维生素C的生理学；关于维生素C的许多现象，在新的知识积累或理解仍然有限的地方；提出了关于维生素的有待回答的问题；并探索了可能取得成果的研究路线。
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid), the antiscorbutic vitamin, cannot be synthesized by humans and other primates, and has to be obtained from diet. Ascorbic acid is an electron donor and acts as a cofactor for fifteen mammalian enzymes. Two sodium-dependent transporters are specific for ascorbic acid, and its oxidation product dehydroascorbic acid is transported by glucose transporters. Ascorbic acid is differentially accumulated by most tissues and body fluids. Plasma and tissue vitamin C concentrations are dependent on amount consumed, bioavailability, renal excretion, and utilization. To be biologically meaningful or to be clinically relevant, in vitro and in vivo studies of vitamin C actions have to take into account physiologic concentrations of the vitamin. In this paper, we review vitamin C physiology; the many phenomena involving vitamin C where new knowledge has accrued or where understanding remains limited; raise questions about the vitamin that remain to be answered; and explore lines of investigations that are likely to be fruitful.