Serum biochemical parameters and cytokine profiles associated with natural African trypanosome infections in cattle
Serum biochemical parameters and cytokine profiles associated with natural African trypanosome infections in cattle
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DOI：
10.1186/s13071-017-2255-9
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发表时间：
2017-06-27
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Gwira, Theresa Manful
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bakari, Soale Majeed;Ofori, Jennifer Afua;Gwira, Theresa Manful
背景：动物非洲锥虫（AAT）严重影响撒哈拉以南非洲的畜牧业生产。在加纳，AAT的流行率估计在5%至50%之间。研究报告了感染期间动物血清生化畸变和细胞因子谱变异。然而，关于与自然感染相关的生化参数和细胞因子谱的信息有限。因此，本研究的目的是调查在自然infection.Methods：巢式内转录间隔区（ITS）为基础的PCR和测序的血清生化参数和炎症细胞因子的水平的变化进行了研究锥虫感染牛在加纳的两个地区（Adidome和阿克拉）的不同endemicity。在六个月的时间里，每隔四到五周对牛进行一次取样。血清生化指标水平，包括肌酐、胆固醇、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、总胆红素和总蛋白以及细胞因子在感染牛和未感染对照牛之间测量血清样品中的白细胞介素10、白细胞介素4、白细胞介素12、干扰素γ和肿瘤坏死因子α，然后进行比较。在阿克拉（非地方病）和阿迪多姆（地方病）检测到的主要锥虫物种分别是泰氏锥虫和间日锥虫。阿克拉感染和未感染牛的血清生化参数相似。然而，在Adidome的感染牛在特定时间点具有显著更高的ALP、肌酐、总蛋白和总胆红素水平（P < 0.05）和显著更低的胆固醇水平（P < 0.05）。在基础水平和感染期间，与阿克拉相比，在Adidome的牛中观察到显著更高的促炎与抗炎（Th 1/Th 2）细胞因子比率（P < 0.05），表明Adidome向Th 1免疫应答转变。然而，在阿克拉的感染牛中，IL-10水平显著升高（P < 0.05），表明在阿克拉中的高抗炎细胞因子应答。这些结果表明，重复感染不同种属或不同抗原类型锥虫的流行区牛表现出高促炎性（Th 1）免疫应答和生化改变，而非流行区牛表现出高促炎性（Th 1）免疫应答和生化改变。以慢性T.泰累氏菌感染显示出高的抗炎反应和无生物化学改变。
Background: Animal African trypanosomiasis (AAT) greatly affects livestock production in sub-Saharan Africa. In Ghana prevalence of AAT is estimated to range between 5 and 50%. Studies have reported serum biochemical aberrations and variability in cytokine profiles in animals during infection. However, information regarding the biochemical parameters and cytokine profiles associated with natural infections are limited. This study was therefore aimed at investigating changes in the levels of serum biochemical parameters and inflammatory cytokines during a natural infection.Methods: Nested internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-based PCR and sequencing were used to characterise trypanosome infection in cattle at two areas in Ghana (Adidome and Accra) of different endemicities. The cattle were sampled at four to five-week intervals over a period of six months. Levels of serum biochemical parameters, including creatinine, cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin and total protein and cytokines (interleukin 10, interleukin 4, interleukin 12, interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha) were measured in serum samples and then compared between infected cattle and uninfected controls.Results: The predominant trypanosome species detected in Accra (non-endemic) and Adidome (endemic) were Trypanosoma theileri and Trypanosoma vivax, respectively. Serum biochemical parameters were similar between infected and uninfected cattle in Accra. Infected cattle at Adidome however, had significantly higher levels of ALP, creatinine, total protein and total bilirubin (P < 0.05) and significantly lower levels of cholesterol (P < 0.05) at specific time points. At basal levels and during infection, significantly higher pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory (Th1/ Th2) cytokine ratios were observed in cattle at Adidome compared to Accra (P < 0.05), indicating a shift towards Th1 immune response in Adidome. Levels of IL-10 were, however, significantly elevated in infected cattle in Accra (P < 0.05), suggesting high anti-inflammatory cytokine response in Accra.Conclusion: These results suggests that cattle in an endemic area repeatedly infected with trypanosomes of different species or different antigenic types demonstrate high pro-inflammatory (Th1) immune response and biochemical alterations whereas cattle in a non-endemic area with predominantly chronic T. theileri infections demonstrate high anti-inflammatory response and no biochemical alterations.