Management of Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs On The National Grasslands
Management of Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs On The National Grasslands
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国家草原黑尾土拨鼠的管理
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发表时间：
1981
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通讯作者：
G. Schenbeck
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作者：
G. Schenbeck
黑尾草原犬鼠（Cynomys ludovicianus）在西部11个国家草原上占据约22,800公顷的面积。已对5个国家草原实施草原土拨鼠防治，计划新增1个国家草原。本报告重点介绍了布法罗峡国家草原科纳塔盆地地区独特的草原土拨鼠管理计划。科纳塔盆地是一个主要的草原犬鼠地区，人们正在努力控制草原犬鼠，同时努力维持黑足雪貂（Mustela nigripes）的栖息地。经过处理的菌落的重新繁殖一直是科纳塔盆地的一个主要且成本高昂的问题，而且大多数经过处理的菌落似乎至少每 3 年需要重新处理一次。引言 公共土地上无尾牧羊犬的管理是一个有争议的问题，因为它经常涉及到对牧羊犬种群的控制。反对对草原土拨鼠进行控制的原因多种多样，从对濒临灭绝的黑足雪貂和其他相关野生动物的潜在影响，到草原土拨鼠可供观赏和射击运动等。那些主张控制的人声称，草原土拨鼠破坏牧场并争夺牲畜饲料。在本报告中，我描述了美国林务局如何回应有关国家草原上缺乏饲养的草原土拨鼠管理的担忧。南达科他州布法罗峡国家草原科纳塔盆地地区（图 1）的一个独特的捕猎犬管理计划得到了重点关注。该计划是在一个主要的草原土拨鼠地区控制草原土拨鼠的“首次”尝试，同时试图维持未经处理的群体的分散分布，使其成为稳定的栖息地。国家草原上的草原土拨鼠管理 美国林务局管理着大平原 17 个国家草原上 14,000 多平方公里的公共土地。在 11 个国家草原（图 1）上，缺乏牧羊犬的面积约为 22,800 公顷（表 1）。在某些地区，蜂群面积被认为过多，正在努力将面积减少到更易于管理的水平（表 1）。黑脚鼬的群体稳定性、靠近私人土地、活动范围条件、公共使用通道和栖息地需求等几个因素被考虑，以帮助确定哪些群体将受到控制，哪些群体将不受控制。防治时，一般采用磷化锌毒饵作为防治剂。科纳塔盆地的草原土拨鼠管理 科纳塔盆地北部与恶地国家公园接壤，南部与松岭印第安人保留地接壤。地势平坦或起伏，经常被崎岖不平的荒地地层所分割。海拔从大约 700 到 900 m 不等。年平均降水量36～41厘米，植被特征为矮至中草。顶峰植物覆盖度是
Black-tailed prair ie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) occupy approximately 22,800 ha on 11 National Grasslands in the West. Prairie dog control has been implemented on 5 National Grasslands and is planned for 1 additional National Grassland. A unique prair ie dog management program in the Conata Basin area of the Buffalo Gap National Grassland is highlighted in this report. Conata Basin is a major prair ie dog area and attempts are being made to control prair ie dogs while trying to maintain habitat for the black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes). Repopulation of treated colonies has been a major and costly problem in Conata Basin, and i t appears that most treated colonies w i l l need retreatment at least e\/ery 3 years. INTRODUCTION Management of b lack ta i led p r a i r i e dogs on publ ic land is a controversial issue because i t f requent ly involves control o f p ra i r i e dog populations. Reasons fo r opposit ion to p ra i r i e dog control range from potent ia l e f fects on the endangered black-footed f e r r e t and other associated w i l d l i f e to the a v a i l a b i l i t y of p r a i r i e dogs for viewing and sport -shoot ing. Those who advocate control claim that p ra i r i e dogs destroy rangelands and compete fo r l ivestock forage. In t h i s report I describe how the U.S. Forest Service has responded to these concerns about management of b lack ta i led p ra i r i e dogs on National Grasslands. A unique p r a i r i e dog management program in the Conata Basin area of the Buffalo Gap National Grassland (F ig . 1) in South Dakota is h igh l ighted. This program is a " f i r s t o f a k i n d " attempt to control p r a i r i e dogs in a major p r a i r i e dog area whi le t r y ing to maintain a scattered d i s t r i b u t i o n o f untreated colonies as f e r r e t hab i ta t . PRAIRIE DOG MANAGEMENT ON THE NATIONAL GRASSLANDS The U.S. Forest Service administers over 14,000 km of publ ic land in 17 National Grasslands on the Great Plains. B lackta i led p r a i r i e dogs occupy approximately 22,800 ha (Table 1) on 11 of the National Grasslands (F ig . 1) . In some areas, colony acreages are considered excessive and e f fo r t s are being made to reduce the acreages to more manageable levels (Table 1) . Several factors such as colony s t a b i l i t y , proximity to pr ivate land, range condi t ion, access for publ ic use, and habi ta t needs of the black-footed f e r r e t are considered to help determine which colonies w i l l and w i l l not be con t ro l led . When control i s prescr ibed, zinc phosphide ba i t is general ly used as the control agent. PRAIRIE DOG MANAGEMENT IN CONATA BASIN Conata Basin is bordered on the north by Badlands National Park and on the south by Pine Ridge Indian Reservation. Topography is f l a t to undulating and frequent ly dissected by rugged badlands formations. Elevations vary from approximately 700 to 900 m. Average annual p rec ip i ta t i on is 36 to 41 cm, and the charac ter is t i c vegetation is short to mid-grasses. Climax plant cover is