Sex ratio schedules in a dynamic game: the effect of competitive asymmetry by male emergence order
Sex ratio schedules in a dynamic game: the effect of competitive asymmetry by male emergence order
复制标题
DOI：
10.1093/beheco/arm083
复制
发表时间：
2007-11-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Shimada, Masakazu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Abe, Jun;Kamimura, Yoshitaka;Shimada, Masakazu
对性别分配的研究为行为和进化生态学的理论提供了一些最成功的检验。例如，局部配偶竞争（LMC）理论解释了许多物种的性别分配差异。然而，现有的理论仍然无法解释性别比例变化的一些模式。大多数现有的模型忽略了男性竞争能力的变化，并假设所有男性有平等的机会在一个补丁内交配。然而，在一些经历LMC的物种中，雄性经常激烈地争夺配偶，因此雄性交配成功率随雄性战斗能力而变化。在这里，我们研究的影响，竞争能力的最佳性别分配时间表使用动态规划方法。这个模型假设了一个不对称的竞争能力来自不同的死亡率根据男性出现的时间。如果新出现的男性的死亡率大于已经出现的男性，我们的模型预测更多的女性偏见的性别比例比传统的LMC模型下的预期。此外，预计女性生产新的男性不断在一个低利率的后代出现期间。我们表明，我们的模型成功地预测了由女性的寄生蜂Melittobia，一个著名的属，其大力战斗男性和低于预期的性别比例。
Studies of sex allocation have provided some of the most successful tests of theory in behavioral and evolutionary ecology. For instance, local mate competition (LMC) theory has explained variation in sex allocation across numerous species. However, some patterns of sex ratio variation remain unexplained by existing theory. Most existing models have ignored variation in male competitive ability and assumed all males have equal opportunities to mate within a patch. However, in some species experiencing LMC, males often fight fiercely for mates, such that male mating success varies with male fighting ability. Here, we examine the effect of competitive ability on optimal sex allocation schedules using a dynamic programming approach. This model assumes an asymmetric competitive ability derived from different mortalities according to the timing of male emergence. If the mortality of newly emerging males is larger than that of already emerged males, our model predicts a more female-biased sex ratio than expected under traditional LMC models. In addition, females are predicted to produce new males constantly at a low rate over the offspring emergence period. We show that our model successfully predicts the sex ratios produced by females of the parasitoid wasp Melittobia, a genus renowned for its vigorously fighting males and lower than expected sex ratios.