Urban form and older residents' service use, walking, driving, quality of life, and neighborhood satisfaction
Urban form and older residents' service use, walking, driving, quality of life, and neighborhood satisfaction
复制标题
DOI：
10.4278/0890-1171-19.1.45
复制
发表时间：
2004-09-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Chapman, NJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Patterson, PK;Chapman, NJ
目的.本研究探讨了新城市主义设计指南中反映的对老年人友好的城市形式与老年妇女使用邻里服务、步行、驾驶、生活质量和邻里满意度之间的关系。一项横断面调查比较了人口特征相似但城市形态不同的人口普查区的居民。背景是俄勒冈州波特兰的城市和郊区。样本包括372名70岁以上的独居女性在六个人口普查区; 133（36%）完成调查。新城市主义指数对受访者所在社区的物理特征进行了评级。邻里居民调查评估了出行方式和邻里满意度。生活质量指数衡量居民的福祉。达特茅斯COOP功能健康图表测量健康状况。组间比较采用t检验和回归分析。尽管受横截面设计的限制，研究表明，新城市主义部分解释了服务使用和活动的几个差异：到杂货店的距离（r（2）变化11，p = 001），离家1英里内使用的服务的数量（r（2）变化= 0.06，p = 0.007），步行活动的数量（r（2）变化= 0.08，p = 0.001）、步行获得的服务数量（r（2）变化= 0.14，p = 0.000）和驾驶获得的服务数量（r（2）变化= 0.05，p = 0.001）。具有混合服务和良好行人通道的传统城市社区与老年居民的步行增加有关。
Purpose. This study explored the relationship between pedestrian-friendly urban form as reflected in new urbanism design guidelines, and neighborhood service use, walking, driving, quality of life, and neighborhood satisfaction among older women.Design. A cross-sectional survey compared residents of census tracts similar in demographic characteristics but differing in urban form.Setting. The setting was urban and suburban areas of Portland, Oregon.Subjects. The sample consisted of 372 females living alone over age 70 in six census tracts; 133 (36%) completed surveys.Measures. The New Urbanism Index rated the physical features of respondents' neighborhoods. The Neighborhood Resident Survey assessed travel modes and neighborhood satisfaction. The Quality of Life Index measured resident well-being. The Dartmouth COOP Functional Health Charts measured health status. Group comparisons were made with t-tests and regression analysis.Results. Although limited by the cross-sectional design, the study showed that new urbanism partially explained several differences in service use and activity: distance to a grocery store (r(2) change 11, p = 001), number of services used within 1 mile, from home (r(2) change = .06, p = .007), number of walking activities (r(2) chang, = .08, p = .001), number of services accessed by walking (r(2) change = .14, p = .000), and number of services accessed by driving (r(2) change = .05, p = .001).Conclusions. Traditional urban neighborhoods with mixed services and good pedestrian access were associated with increased walking among older residents.