Applications of polymer nanofibers in biomedicine and biotechnology
Applications of polymer nanofibers in biomedicine and biotechnology
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DOI：
10.1385/abab:125:3:147
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发表时间：
2005-06-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Ramakrishna, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Venugopal, J;Ramakrishna, S
静电纺丝方法的最新进展使生产直径从几纳米到几百纳米的超细固体和连续纤维具有可控的表面和内部分子结构。一系列可生物降解的生物聚合物可以电纺成具有特定纤维排列和结构完整性的垫子。通过二次加工，纳米纤维表面可以功能化，表现出特定的生化特性。据推测，具有特殊表面化学特性的纳米纤维具有较大的表面积，有利于细胞的附着和细胞功能的控制。纳米纤维垫的这些特征在形态和化学上与天然组织的细胞外基质相似，具有广泛的孔径分布、高孔隙率、有效的机械性能和特定的生化特性。目前的研究重点是开发这些特性，并集中于确定适合于静电纺丝的各种聚合物和生物聚合物最终应用的条件，包括多功能膜、生物医学结构元件(用于组织工程、伤口敷料、药物输送、人造器官、血管移植的支架)、特种织物中的保护罩，以及分离工业中亚微米颗粒的过滤介质。这导致了最近聚合物纳米纤维在生物医学和生物技术领域的应用。
Recent advancements in the electrospinning method enable the production of ultrafine solid and continuous fibers with diameters ranging from a few nanometers to a few hundred nanometers with controlled surface and internal molecular structures. A wide range of biodegradable biopolymers can be electrospun into mats with specific fiber arrangement and structural integrity. Through secondary processing, the nanofiber surface can be functionalized to display specific biochemical characteristics. It is hypothesized that the large surface area of nanofibers with specific surface chemistry facilitates attachment of cells and control of their cellular functions. These features of nanofiber mats are morphologically and chemically similar to the extracellular matrix of natural tissue, which is characterized by a wide range of pore diameter distribution, high porosity, effective mechanical properties, and specific biochemical properties. The current emphasis of research is on exploiting such properties and focusing on determining appropriate conditions for electrospinning various polymers and biopolymers for eventual applications including multifunctional membranes, biomedical structural elements (scaffolds used in tissue engineering, wound dressing, drug delivery, artificial organs, vascular grafts), protective shields in specialty fabrics, and filter media for submicron particles in the separation industry. This has resulted in the recent applications for polymer nanofibers in the field of biomedicine and biotechnology.