"Gissa job": the experience of unemployment.
"Gissa job": the experience of unemployment.
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《吉萨工作》：失业的经历。
DOI：
10.1136/bmj.291.6504.1263
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发表时间：
1985
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Smith
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Smith
如果你失业了（不是自愿辞职的），花了很长时间才找到另一份工作，那么开始了解失业“真相”并深入了解失业经历的最佳方法可能不是阅读《应用心理学杂志》或《英国医学杂志》上的评论，而是去桑德兰、维冈或布里克斯顿的街角“闲逛”。当然，这种方法有很强的传统？奥威尔在20世纪30年代做到了这一点，坎贝尔和西布鲁克在20世纪80年代做到了这一点。的确，在20世纪30年代，学术和文学/政治/观察之间的差距？国家研究（随便你怎么称呼他们）并不像现在这样广泛，Jahoda和其他人对奥地利前钢铁城Marienthal的经典研究几乎每个人都失业了九年，她和她那些政治上坚定的朋友们离开附近维也纳郁郁葱葱的牧场，去看看他们能做些什么来帮助马里亚诺的失业者。他们是“科学家”他不相信隐姓埋名同样，对20世纪30年代关于失业心理影响的所有研究成果的杰出评论，也非常重视那些有亲身经历的人的作品：它首先恳请科学读者通过阅读一系列精选的“小说、戏剧和案例材料”，试图把握失业的“完整、辛酸、情感感受”。5.小说比新闻业需要更长的时间来孵化，所以我们必须等待20世纪80年代关于失业的最好的小说，但是除了坎贝尔和西布鲁克的著作以及大量关于失业的枯燥研究之外，我们还有艾伦·布利斯代尔的流行电视连续剧，来自黑人的男孩\费金和利特尔对家庭失业的描述，[6]马斯登对失业者的逐字记录（附有达夫的照片），[7]以及我们自己的一系列普通实践。[81]我认为，任何主要关注统计和科学研究的人都需要经常回到这些关于失业者的第一手资料中。关于失业与各种身心健康衡量标准之间关系的研究受到方法问题的困扰，那些对统计数据比个人更感兴趣的人可能开始感到失业对健康的损害被夸大了。然后你必须回到账户，因为它们描绘了一幅绝望和痛苦的画面。大多数失业的人无论失业的时间长短，都讨厌这种经历，渴望找到一份工作：他们的生活、经历和人际关系开始变得空虚，价值也大大降低。哈里森说得好：“对大多数人来说，长期失业是一种深刻的腐蚀性经历，破坏了个性，削弱了工作能力。16更糟糕的是，许多长期失业的人感到羞愧，非常羞愧（见方框）。11317为了帮助读者回到这些第一手资料，我打算在这些文章中的每一篇文章中包括一些失业者的声音。在这篇文章的其余部分，我想给一些当我第一次近距离看到失业的人，让我感到震惊和惊讶的是，他们中的许多人都以失业为耻。. .当时没有人愿意承认失业是不可避免的，因为这意味着承认失业可能会继续下去。中产阶级还在谈论“靠多尔过活的懒汉”，还说“这些人只要愿意，都能找到工作”，这些意见自然也会影响到工人阶级自己。乔治奥威尔《通往维冈码头之路》
Failing losing your job (not voluntarily quitting it) and taking a long time to get another one, the best way to begin to understand the "truth" about unemployment and to get within the skin of the experience is probably not to read reviews in the Journal of Applied Psychology or the BMJ but to go and "hang around" on street corners in Sunderland, Wigan, or Brixton. There is, of course, a strong tradition of this sort of approach?Orwell did it in the 1930s1 and Campbell2 and Seabrook3 have done it in the 1980s. Indeed, in the 1930s the gap between academic and literary/political/observa? tional studies (call them what you will) was not as wide as it is now, and the classic study by Jahoda and others on Marienthal, an ex steel town in Austria where almost everybody was unemployed for nine years, grew from her and her politically committed friends leaving the lusher pastures of nearby Vienna and going to see what they could do to help the unemployed of Marienthal.4 They were "scientists" who did not believe in fading into the background. In a similar vein, the outstanding review of all the work done in the 1930s on the psychological effects of unemployment places great importance on the writings of those with inside experience: it starts by imploring its scientific readers to try to grasp the "full, poignant, emotional feeling" of unemployment by reading a selected list of "novels, plays, and case material."5 Novels take longer to incubate than journalism so we must wait for best of the novels on unemployment in the 1980s, but in addition to the writings of Campbell and Seabrook and a host of rather dry studies of unemployment we have had Alan Bleasdale's popular television series, The Boys from the Blackstuff \ Fagin and Little's descriptions of unemployment in families,6 Marsden's verbatim accounts from the unemployed (accompanied by Duffs photographs),7 and our own series from general practice.81S Anybody who concentrates mostly on the more statistical and scientific studies needs often, I think, to return to these first hand accounts of what it is like to be jobless. Studies of the associations between unemployment and various measures of physical and psychological health are beset by methodological problems, and those who are more interested in statistics than individuals may begin to feel that the damage done to health by unemployment has been exaggerated. It is then that you must go back to the accounts because they paint a desperate and painful picture. Most people who are jobless for any length of time hate the experience and long for a job: their lives, experiences, and relationships begin to empty and count for much less. Harrison described it well when he said: "Prolonged unemployment is for most people a profoundly corrosive experience, undermining personality and atrophying work capacities."16 Worse still, many of the long term unemployed are ashamed, horribly ashamed (see box).11317 To help readers return to these first hand accounts I intend to include in each of these articles some of the voices of the unemployed. In the rest of this article I want to give some When I first saw unemployed men at close quarters, the thing that horrified and amazed me was to find that many of them were ashamed of being unemployed. . . .At the time nobody cared to admit that unemployment was inevitable, because this meant admitting that it would probably continue. The middle classes were still talking about "lazy idle loafers on the dole," and saying that "These men could all find work if they wanted to," and naturally these opinions percolated to the working class themselves. George Orwell, The Road to Wigan Pier