Unintentional drug overdose death trends in New Mexico, USA, 1990-2005: combinations of heroin, cocaine, prescription opioids and alcohol
Unintentional drug overdose death trends in New Mexico, USA, 1990-2005: combinations of heroin, cocaine, prescription opioids and alcohol
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.02054.x
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Landen, Michael G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shah, Nina G.;Lathrop, Sarah L.;Landen, Michael G.
目的确定海洛因、处方阿片类药物、可卡因和酒精/药物组合对总过量死亡率的贡献，并确定新墨西哥州亚群中药物过量模式的变化。设计我们分析了1990-2005年期间新墨西哥州所有意外药物过量死亡的体检数据。按性别和种族/民族计算经性别调整的药物过量死亡率;我们对经年龄和地区调整的总体药物过量死亡进行建模。结果-总的意外药物过量死亡率在新墨西哥州从1990年的每10万人中的5.6增加到2005年的每10万人中的15.5。海洛因、处方类阿片、可卡因和酒精/毒品混合造成的死亡占总数的89%至98%。1990-2005年期间，海洛因造成的死亡人数最多，1998-2005年期间处方阿片类药物过量死亡率显著增加（58%）。在1990-2005年期间，单一药物类别过量死亡增加196%是由处方阿片类药物和海洛因单独驱动的;多药物类别过量死亡增加148%是由海洛因/酒精和海洛因/可卡因驱动的。西班牙裔男性用药过量死亡率最高，其次是白色男性、白色女性、西班牙裔女性和美洲印第安人。在西班牙裔男性中，最常见的死亡类别是单纯海洛因和海洛因/酒精，在美洲印第安男性中是海洛因/酒精，在白色男性和所有女性亚群中是单纯处方阿片类药物。结论应根据高危亚群的使用模式有针对性地采取预防药物过量死亡的干预措施。需要采取一种综合办法，处理非法和处方药物使用者以及同时使用这些药物的人，以减少过量死亡。
Aims To determine the contribution of heroin, prescription opioids, cocaine and alcohol/drug combinations to the total overdose death rate and identify changes in drug overdose patterns among New Mexico subpopulations. Design We analyzed medical examiner data for all unintentional drug overdose deaths in New Mexico during 1990-2005. Age-adjusted drug overdose death rates were calculated by sex and race/ethnicity; we modeled overall drug overdose death adjusting for age and region. Findings The total unintentional drug overdose death rate in New Mexico increased from 5.6 per 100 000 in 1990 to 15.5 per 100 000 in 2005. Deaths caused by heroin, prescription opioids, cocaine and alcohol/drug combinations together ranged from 89% to 98% of the total. Heroin caused the most deaths during 1990-2005, with a notable rate increase in prescription opioid overdose death during 1998-2005 (58%). During 1990-2005, the 196% increase in single drug category overdose death was driven by prescription opioids alone and heroin alone; the 148% increase in multi-drug category overdose death was driven by heroin/alcohol and heroin/cocaine. Hispanic males had the highest overdose death rate, followed by white males, white females, Hispanic females and American Indians. The most common categories causing death were heroin alone and heroin/alcohol among Hispanic males, heroin/alcohol among American Indian males and prescription opioids alone among white males and all female subpopulations. Conclusions Interventions to prevent drug overdose death should be targeted according to use patterns among at-risk subpopulations. A comprehensive approach addressing both illicit and prescription drug users, and people who use these drugs concurrently, is needed to reduce overdose death.