The effect of epistasis on sexually antagonistic genetic variation
The effect of epistasis on sexually antagonistic genetic variation
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2014.0489
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发表时间：
2014-07-22
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Rowe, Locke
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arnqvist, Goran;Vellnow, Nikolas;Rowe, Locke
有越来越多的证据表明，为了适应实验室和野生种群的需要，分离了性拮抗(SA)基因变异，但维持这种变异的条件可能是有限的。基因间的上位性交互作用有助于保持适合度的遗传变异，我们认为SA基因之间的上位性应是普遍存在的。在这里，我们使用一个带有负上位性的双基因座模型来探索它对SA基因适合度变异的影响。我们的结果表明，上位性往往增加了SA基因座的参数空间，显示出多态。这是因为一个基因座的选择受到另一个基因座的等位基因频率的影响，这可以平衡男性和女性的净选择。SA基因座之间的连锁增加会产生更多的边缘效应。我们还证明了在一定条件下，参数空间的很大一部分演化到这样一种状态，即男性受益等位基因固定在一个位置，而女性受益等位基因固定在另一个位置。上位性对SA基因座的这种新的效应，我们称之为“公平效应”，可能对种群分化有重要影响，并可能有助于物种形成。更广泛地说，这些结果支持上位性有助于种群分化的说法。
There is increasing evidence of segregating sexually antagonistic (SA) genetic variation for fitness in laboratory and wild populations, yet the conditions for the maintenance of such variation can be restrictive. Epistatic interactions between genes can contribute to the maintenance of genetic variance in fitness and we suggest that epistasis between SA genes should be pervasive. Here, we explore its effect on SA genetic variation in fitness using a two locus model with negative epistasis. Our results demonstrate that epistasis often increases the parameter space showing polymorphism for SA loci. This is because selection in one locus is affected by allele frequencies at the other, which can act to balance net selection in males and females. Increased linkage between SA loci had more marginal effects. We also show that under some conditions, large portions of the parameter space evolve to a state where male benefit alleles are fixed at one locus and female benefit alleles at the other. This novel effect of epistasis on SA loci, which we term the 'equity effect', may have important effects on population differentiation and may contribute to speciation. More generally, these results support the suggestion that epistasis contributes to population divergence.