Why human extragonadal germ cell tumours occur in the midline of the body: old concepts, new perspectives
Why human extragonadal germ cell tumours occur in the midline of the body: old concepts, new perspectives
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2605.2007.00793.x
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发表时间：
2007-08-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Looijenga, Leendert H. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Oosterhuis, J. Wolter;Stoop, Hans;Looijenga, Leendert H. J.
根据（i）GCT分类的新进展，（ii）这些肿瘤的基因组印记数据以及（iii）最近发现生殖细胞可以源自小鼠和人类胚胎干（ES）细胞，对性腺外生殖细胞肿瘤（GCT）和畸胎瘤的起源和分布的假设进行了简要回顾和重新审视。只有 I 型（婴儿畸胎瘤/卵黄囊肿瘤）和 II 型 GCT（精原细胞瘤和非精原细胞瘤）发生在性腺和性腺外部位。基因组印记的数据支持了它们源自生殖细胞的假设。这些前体细胞可能与性腺外定位的 ES 细胞分化。它们沿着身体中线的分布仍然可以通过发育过程中原始生殖细胞的迁移来最好地解释。 II 型 GCT 的分布范围比 I 型 GCT 更窄，可能是因为与 I 型肿瘤的前体细胞（可能是更接近 ES 细胞的原始生殖细胞）相比，II 型肿瘤起源的原始生殖细胞（PGC）/生殖母细胞的生存和增殖条件更严格。 II 型肿瘤形成的已知生态位有一个共同点，即它们含有表达干细胞因子 (SCF)（SCF 受体 c-KIT 的配体，参与 PGC/性母细胞增殖和存活）的饲养细胞，并含有包括 TSPY 基因的 GBY。
Hypotheses on the origin and distribution of extragonadal germ cell tumours (GCTs) and teratomas are briefly reviewed and revisited in the light of (i) new developments in the classification of GCTs, (ii) data on genomic imprinting of these neoplasms and (iii) the recent finding that germ cells can be derived from mouse and human embryonal stem (ES) cells. Only the Type I (infantile teratomas/yolk sac tumours) and Type II GCTs (seminomatous tumours and non-seminomas) occur in the gonads and extragonadal localizations. The data on genomic imprinting lend support to the hypothesis that they are derived from germ cells. These precursor cells could have differentiated from ES cells in extragonadal localizations. Their distribution along the midline of the body is still best explained by the migration of primitive germ cells during development. The narrower distribution of the Type II than the Type I GCTs is probably due to the more strict conditions for survival and proliferation of primordial germ cells (PGCs)/gonocytes from which the Type II tumours originate, when compared with the precursor cells of Type I tumours, probably primitive germ cells closer to the ES cell. The known niches in which the Type II tumours develop have in common that they contain feeder cells expressing stem cell factor (SCF) - the ligand for the SCF receptor c-KIT, involved in proliferation and survival of PGCs/gonocytes - and contain GBY including the gene TSPY.