Plastics in the Aquatic Environment - Part II - Stakeholders' Role Against Pollution
Plastics in the Aquatic Environment - Part II - Stakeholders' Role Against Pollution
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水生环境中的塑料 - 第二部分 - 利益相关者在应对污染方面的作用
DOI：
10.1007/698_2020_672
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Pahl S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pahl S
水生塑料污染完全是人类造成的。在塑料的整个生命周期中，从生产到消费再到处置，最终导致塑料进入水生环境的是人类的决定和行为。每个部门、每个人都在塑料垃圾的命运中发挥着作用。例如，设计师和制作人决定材料、外观和功能；消费者做出购买决定，并在使用后处理物品；政策制定者决定监管和法律框架。这些过程可以用社会科学和行为科学的理论和方法来记录和解释。更重要的是，这些见解可以系统地指导社会变革进程，帮助开发和评估有效的沟通和行为改变干预措施。本章将总结最近关于水生塑料污染中人类层面的工作。我们的重点将是社会和环境心理学在风险感知、风险沟通和行为改变方面的相关文献。我们将利用跨学科和国际工作来强调这种综合研究的挑战和学科之间的误解。我们将包括对宏观和微塑料的研究，以及渔民、公众和年轻人等一系列利益攸关方。此外，我们会选择性地检讨有关乱扔垃圾的研究、媒体报导和国际倡议。最后，我们将总结仍然存在的挑战并概述研究中的差距。
Aquatic plastic pollution is entirely due to humans. Throughout the whole life cycle of plastic, from production via consumption to disposal, it is human decisions and behaviour that ultimately lead to plastic ending up in aquatic environments. Every sector, every individual plays a role in the fate of plastic waste. For example, designers and producers make decisions about materials, appearance and functionality; consumers make purchasing decisions and dispose of items after use; policy makers decide on regulation and legal frameworks. These processes can be documented and explained using theories and methods from the social and behavioural sciences. More importantly, these insights can guide social change processes systematically and help develop and evaluate effective communication and behaviour change interventions. This chapter will summarise recent work on the human dimension in aquatic plastic pollution. Our focus will be on relevant literature from social and environmental psychology on risk perception, risk communication and behaviour change. We will draw on interdisciplinary and international work to highlight challenges to such integrative research and misunderstandings between disciplines. We will include research on macro- and microplastics and a range of stakeholders such as fishermen, the general public and young people. This will be complemented by a selective review of research on littering, media coverage and international initiatives. Finally, we will summarise remaining challenges and outline gaps in research.