Melanesian origin of Polynesian Y chromosomes
Melanesian origin of Polynesian Y chromosomes
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/s0960-9822(00)00734-x
复制
发表时间：
2000-10-19
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Stoneking, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kayser, M;Brauer, S;Stoneking, M
背景：关于波利尼西亚人起源的两个相互竞争的假设是“快车”模型，该模型假设波利尼西亚祖先最近从亚洲/台湾通过沿海和岛屿美拉尼西亚迅速扩张，以及“纠缠银行”模型，该模型假设东南亚人，美拉尼西亚人和波利尼西亚人之间文化和基因相互作用的悠久历史。大多数遗传数据，特别是对线粒体DNA （mtDNA）变异的分析，支持特快列车模型，语言学和考古证据也是如此。在这里，我们使用y染色体多态性来研究波利尼西亚人的起源。结果：我们分析了来自波利尼西亚的28名库克群岛居民和来自17个美拉尼西亚、亚洲和澳大利亚人群的583名男性Y染色体上的8个单核苷酸多态性（snp）和7个短串联重复（STR）位点。我们发现所有波利尼西亚人只属于三个y染色体单倍型，由独特事件多态性定义。波利尼西亚人的主要Y单倍型（82%频率）局限于美拉尼西亚和印度尼西亚东部，最有可能出现在美拉尼西亚。对相关Y-STR单倍型的聚结分析显示，波利尼西亚人的种群扩张始于大约2200年前。另外两种波利尼西亚Y单倍型在亚洲广泛分布，但也在美拉尼西亚发现。结论：所有波利尼西亚人的Y染色体都可以追溯到美拉尼西亚，尽管其中一些Y染色体类型起源于亚洲。结合其他遗传和文化证据，我们提出了波利尼西亚起源的新模型，我们称之为“慢船”模型：波利尼西亚祖先确实起源于亚洲/台湾，但并没有迅速通过美拉尼西亚；相反，他们与美拉尼西亚人进行了广泛的互动和混合，在殖民太平洋之前留下了他们的基因并融合了许多美拉尼西亚人的基因。
Background: Two competing hypotheses for the origins of Polynesians are the 'express-train' model, which supposes a recent and rapid expansion of Polynesian ancestors from Asia/Taiwan via coastal and island Melanesia, and the 'entangled-bank' model, which supposes a long history of cultural and genetic interactions among Southeast Asians, Melanesians and Polynesians. Most genetic data, especially analyses of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation, support the express-train model, as does linguistic and archaeological evidence. Here, we used Y-chromosome polymorphisms to investigate the origins of Polynesians.Results: We analysed eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and seven short tandem repeat (STR) loci on the Y chromosome in 28 Cook Islanders from Polynesia and 583 males from 17 Melanesian, Asian and Australian populations. We found that all Polynesians belong to just three Y-chromosome haplotypes, as defined by unique event polymorphisms. The major Y haplotype in Polynesians (82% frequency) was restricted to Melanesia and eastern Indonesia and most probably arose in Melanesia. Coalescence analysis of associated Y-STR haplotypes showed evidence of a population expansion in Polynesians, beginning about 2,200 years ago. The other two Polynesian Y haplotypes were widespread in Asia but were also found in Melanesia.Conclusions: All Polynesian Y chromosomes can be traced back to Melanesia, although some of these Y-chromosome types originated in Asia. Together with other genetic and cultural evidence, we propose a new model of Polynesian origins that we call the 'slow-boat' model: Polynesian ancestors did originate from Asia/Taiwan but did not move rapidly through Melanesia; rather, they interacted with and mixed extensively with Melanesians, leaving behind their genes and incorporating many Melanesian genes before colonising the Pacific.