Spatiotemporal Variability of Contaminants in Lake Water and Their Risks to Human Health: A Case Study of the Shahu Lake Tourist Area, Northwest China
Spatiotemporal Variability of Contaminants in Lake Water and Their Risks to Human Health: A Case Study of the Shahu Lake Tourist Area, Northwest China
复制标题
湖水中污染物时空变化及其对人体健康的风险——以西北沙湖旅游区为例
DOI：
10.1007/s12403-016-0237-3
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发表时间：
2017-09-01
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Wang, Siting
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Li, Peiyue;Feng, Wei;Wang, Siting
沙湖是中国西北部宁夏著名的旅游湖泊。本研究分析了湖泊水的一般水化学特征，以确定污染物的时空变异性，并评估与地表水相关的潜在健康风险。2013年每个月有三个监测站监测湖水。分析样品的pH、总溶解固体、温度、EC、主要离子（Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、SO42−、Cl−、HCO3−和CO32−）、氨氮（NH4-N）、氟化物（F−）、苯酚和重金属（As、Hg和Cr6+）。结果表明：湖泊水体以Na+为主阳离子，Cl -和SO42 -为主阴离子，形成Cl·SO4-Na为主水类型。污染物水平（NH4-N、F−、As、Hg、Cr6+和苯酚）随时间和空间而变化（时空变化）。As和F−在夏季较高；Cr6+和Hg的年际变化不显著；NH4-N和苯酚浓度也保持相对稳定。所有这些物质的浓度都在娱乐用水的可接受限度内（NH4-N、F -、As、Hg、Cr6+和苯酚的浓度分别为1.5、1.5、0.1、0.001、0.05和0.01 mg/L）。本研究采用中华人民共和国环境保护部推荐的评价模型进行健康风险评价。虽然工人的非致癌性和致癌性风险确实高于游客，但风险很低，可以忽略不计。As和Cr6+对总致癌和非致癌风险贡献最大。
Shahu Lake is a well-known tourist lake in Ningxia, northwest China. This study analyzed the general hydrochemical characteristics of the lake water to determine the spatiotemporal variability of contaminants and to assess the potential health risk associated with the surface water. Lake water was monitored at three stations each month throughout 2013. Samples were analyzed for pH, total dissolved solids, temperature, EC, major ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42−, Cl−, HCO3−, and CO32−), ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N), fluoride (F−), phenol, and heavy metals (As, Hg, and Cr6+). The results suggest that Na+is the dominant cation in the lake water, and Cl−and SO42−are the dominant anions, resulting in a primary water type of Cl·SO4–Na. Contaminant levels (NH4-N, F−, As, Hg, Cr6+, and phenol) vary through time and space (spatiotemporal variations). As and F−are high in the summer season; Cr6+and Hg do not significantly change over the year; and the NH4-N and phenol concentrations also remain relatively stable. Concentrations of all these substances are within the acceptable limits for recreational water use (1.5, 1.5, 0.1, 0.001, 0.05, and 0.01 mg/L for NH4-N, F−, As, Hg, Cr6+, and phenol, respectively). An assessment model recommended by the Ministry of Environmental Protection of the P.R. China was used in the study to conduct the health risk assessment. While workers do experience higher non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks than tourists, the risks are low and negligible. As and Cr6+contribute the most to total carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks.