High Opportunity Cost Demand as an Indicator of Weekday Drinking and Distinctly Severe Alcohol Problems: A Behavioral Economic Analysis
High Opportunity Cost Demand as an Indicator of Weekday Drinking and Distinctly Severe Alcohol Problems: A Behavioral Economic Analysis
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DOI：
10.1111/acer.14206
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发表时间：
2019-10-29
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Murphy, James G.
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作者：
Joyner, Keanan J.;Meshesha, Lidia Z.;Murphy, James G.
行为经济学理论认为成瘾是一种强化病理学，其特征是相对于替代品，对药物的过度需求。作为这一理论的补充，Lamb和Ginsburg （Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 164,2018,62）将成瘾描述为一种行为分配障碍，并预测在越来越严格的约束下饮酒的决定是成瘾的核心指标。本研究使用一种修正的需求曲线范式来考察第二天突发事件（高机会成本需求）背景下的酒精需求，并将其作为严重酒精问题模式的具体指标。方法参与者为370名大学生（61.1%为女性，86.5%为白人，m年龄= 18.8岁），报告过去一个月多次重度饮酒（男性/女性每次5/4次饮酒），他们完成了两种版本的酒精购买任务（APT），并测量了过去一个月的酒精使用情况和问题。在第一个APT（低机会成本）中，学生想象他们第二天没有责任，而在另一个APT（高机会成本）中，他们想象第二天上午10点有考试。项目反应理论分析用于确定青年酒精后果问卷（酒精研究杂志，67,2006,169）中的轻度和重度酒精问题，以及一周中最严重和最不严重的酗酒日。结果低机会成本需求（beta = 0.15, p = 0.02）对最不严重问题的预测显著高于高机会成本需求，高机会成本需求（beta = 0.17, p = 0.009）对最严重问题的预测显著高于低机会成本需求。同样，低机会成本需求（beta = 0.26, p < 0.001）与周末饮酒的关系更为密切，而高机会成本需求（beta = 0.21, p = 0.001）与工作日饮酒的关系更为密切。结论高机会成本酒精需求是大学生重度饮酒者严重酒精问题的显著标志。
Introduction Behavioral economic theory views addiction as a reinforcer pathology characterized by excessive demand for drugs relative to alternatives. Complementary to this theory, Lamb and Ginsburg (Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 164, 2018, 62) describe addiction as a behavioral allocation disorder and predict that decisions to drink under increasingly stringent constraints are a central indicator of addiction. This study used a modified demand-curve paradigm to examine alcohol demand in the context of a next-day contingency (high opportunity cost demand) as a specific indicator of a severe pattern of alcohol problems. Methods Participants were 370 undergraduates (61.1% female, 86.5% white, M-age = 18.8) reporting multiple past-month heavy drinking episodes (5/4 drinks per occasion for men/women) who completed 2 versions of an alcohol purchase task (APT), along with measures of past-month alcohol use and problems. In 1 APT (low opportunity cost), students imagined they had no next-day responsibilities, and in the other APT (high opportunity cost), they imagined having a 10:00 am test the next day. Item-response theory analyses were used to determine mild and severe alcohol problems from the Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire (Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 67, 2006, 169), and the most and least severe binge drinking days throughout the week. Results Low opportunity cost demand (beta = 0.15, p = 0.02) significantly predicted beyond high opportunity cost demand for the least severe problems, and high opportunity cost demand (beta = 0.17, p = 0.009) significantly predicted beyond low opportunity cost demand for the most severe problems. Similarly, low opportunity cost demand (beta = 0.26, p < 0.001) was more highly associated with weekend drinking, whereas high opportunity cost demand (beta = 0.21, p = 0.001) was more highly associated with weekday drinking. Conclusions The current results suggest high opportunity cost alcohol demand is a distinct marker of severe alcohol problems among college student heavy drinkers.