The roles of pitch and higher formants in the perception of vowels
The roles of pitch and higher formants in the perception of vowels
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音高和更高共振峰在元音感知中的作用
DOI：
10.1109/tau.1968.1161952
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发表时间：
1968
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Takako Kawashima
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
HlROYA Fujisaki;Takako Kawashima
对日语元音的谱分析表明，同一说话人的五个元音/a/、/e/、/i/、/o/和/u/可以用它们的第一和第二共振峰频率（F1和F2）很好地分离。然而，当在F1-F2平面上绘制许多说话者的元音时，观察到相当多的重叠，这主要归因于声道的大小和形状的差异。一个规范化的过程，大概是基于更高的共振峰频率，预计在这些元音的识别。然而，在归一化过程中是否需要同时改变音高和更高的共振峰，这一点并不清楚。本文提出了一种方法来评估这些参数的作用，并描述了所获得的结果。感知边界之间的一对元音，其中共享近似相同的F2到F1的比率，定义在F1 F2平面，使用由终端模拟合成器生成的合成元音。然后，根据音调和更高共振峰的变化对这些边界的影响程度来评估音调和更高共振峰的重要性。听力测试的结果表明，对于普通蜂鸣声激发的元音，单独的音高和高共振峰都不足以实现知觉正常化，音高和高共振峰的组合变化是抵消F1和F2变化的必要条件。另一方面，对于噪声激发的元音，高共振峰的作用与嗡嗡声激发的元音中音高和高共振峰的组合作用一样重要。
SpectraI analysis of the Japanese vowels shows that the five vowels /a/, /e/, /i/, /o/, and /u/ of a single speaker can well be separated by their first and second formant frequencies (F 1 and F 2 ). Considerable amount of overlap is observed, however, when vowels of many speakers are plotted in the F 1 -F 2 plane, which can be ascribed mainly to differences in the size and shape of the vocal tract. A normalizing process, based presumably on higher formant frequencies, is expected in the identification of these vowels. It is not dear, however, whether concurrent changes of pitch and higher formants are necessary in the normalization process. This paper presents a method for evaluating the roles of these parameters and describes the results obtained. Perceptual boundaries between a pair of vowels, which share approximately the same ratio of F 2 to F 1 , are defined in the F 1 F 2 plane, using synthetic vowels generated by a terminal analog synthesizer. The importance of pitch and higher formants, is then evaluated by the extent to which their changes affect these boundaries. The results of listening tests show that, for ordinary buzz-excited vowels, neither pitch nor higher formants alone are sufficient for perceptual normalization, and the combined changes in pitch and higher formants are necessary to counteract the changes in F 1 and F 2 . For noise-excited vowels, on the other hand, the roles of higher formants are as important as the combined roles of pitch and higher formants in buzz-excited vowels.