Facilitation of adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells by debrominated tetrabromobisphenol A compounds detected in Japanese breast milk
Facilitation of adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells by debrominated tetrabromobisphenol A compounds detected in Japanese breast milk
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envres.2015.03.035
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发表时间：
2015-07-01
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
Ohta, Souichi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Akiyama, Ema;Kakutani, Hideki;Ohta, Souichi
四溴双酚A（TeBBPA）是一种应用广泛的溴系阻燃剂。在本研究中，我们新合成了脱溴同系物2，2 '，6-三溴双酚A（TriBBPA）、2，2'-二溴双酚A（2，2 '-DiBBPA）、2，6-二溴双酚A（2，6-DiBBPA）和2-单溴双酚A（MoBBPA）的材料，并评估了日本母乳样本中双酚A（BPA）、TeBBPA和脱溴同系物的实际污染程度。检测到TriBPA的水平高于TeBPA，而DiBPA和MoBPA的水平低于TeBPA。这一观察结果表明，人类接触了脱溴同系物，这可能会造成不利影响。母乳中的同系物污染对婴儿的健康构成威胁，使婴儿的防御系统变得脆弱。作为体外实验的初步研究，我们通过研究脱溴同系物对3 T3-L1细胞脂肪细胞分化的影响来评估其毒性效力。我们观察到2，6-DiBBPA，TriBBPA和TeBBPA以依赖于取代溴的数量的方式升高脂质积累和脂肪细胞特异性蛋白2的表达。此外，在2，6-DiBBPA和TriBBPA以及TeBBPA存在下，PPAR γ转录活性以剂量依赖性方式增加。我们的研究阐明了TeBBPA及其脱溴同系物在母乳中积累，脱溴同系物促进脂肪细胞分化，表明有必要全面评估这些化合物（包括TeBBPA的脱溴同系物）对婴儿健康的影响。(C)2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TeBBPA) is widely used type of brominated flame retardant. In this study, we newly synthesized materials for the debrominated congeners, 2,2',6-tribromobisphenol A (TriBBPA), 2,2'-dibromobisphenol A (2,2'-DiBBPA), 2,6-dibromobisphenol A (2,6-DiBBPA), and 2-monobromobisphenol A (MoBBPA) and evaluated the actual extent of contamination with bisphenol A (BPA), TeBBPA and debrominated congeners in Japanese breast milk samples. TriBBPA was detected at higher levels than that of TeBBPA, while DiBBPA and MoBBPA were detected at lower levels than that of TeBBPA. This observation suggested that humans are exposed to debrominated congeners, which might cause adverse effects. Contamination of the congeners in breast milk was concern about risk infant health, having vulnerable defense system. As pilot study by in vitro experiment, we assessed the toxic potency of debrominated congeners by studying their effect on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. We observed 2,6-DiBBPA, TriBBPA and TeBBPA elevated the lipid accumulation and adipocyte-specific protein 2 expression in a manner dependent on the number of substituted bromines. Moreover, PPAR gamma transcriptional activities increased in a dose-dependent manner in the presence of 2,6-DiBBPA and TriBBPA as well as TeBBPA. Our study clarified that TeBBPA and its debrominated congeners accumulated in breast milk and the debrominated congeners promoted adipocyte differentiation, showing that a comprehensive evaluation of the influences of these compounds including the debrominated congeners of TeBBPA on health in infants is necessary. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.