Robust Performance of Spider Viscid Silk on Hairy and Smooth Insect Substrates
Robust Performance of Spider Viscid Silk on Hairy and Smooth Insect Substrates
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蜘蛛粘丝在毛状和光滑昆虫基材上的稳健性能
DOI：
10.1093/icb/icab020
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Blackledge, Todd A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Alicea-Serrano, Angela M;Onyak, Ariel;Dhinojwala, Ali;Blackledge, Todd A
蜘蛛粘性丝附着在球状网中的昆虫上，是一种“智能粘合剂”，可以根据大气湿度快速改变液滴的大小、粘度和粘性。不同种类的蜘蛛会根据觅食环境的湿度“调节”吸水率，从而获得相似的“通用”粘度，从而优化扩散与增强粘附力所需的粘性体积能量之间的权衡。水太多会降低粘度，使胶水很好地涂抹，但很容易发生粘合破坏，导致粘附力差。然而，粘接的最佳粘度模型是基于光滑玻璃的实验。在这里，我们测试了一种假设，即一种粘性较低、“过度润滑”的胶水在光滑玻璃上的粘附性较差，对多毛昆虫的粘性更强，因为它在三维粗糙表面上的扩散能力更强。在高湿和中等湿度条件下，我们对沟蜘蛛(Larinioids cornutus[Clerck 1757])粘性丝在有毛和无毛的蜜蜂(Apis Melvena)胸腔上的粘附性进行了测试。我们的研究结果表明，“过度润滑”的胶水可以增加毛发表面的粘附力，其性能与最佳粘性胶水相当。
Spider viscid silk adheres to insects in orb webs and is a “smart-adhesive” that quickly changes droplet size, viscosity, and adhesiveness in response to atmospheric humidity. Different species of spiders “tune” water uptake to match the humidity of their foraging environments, achieving a similar “universal” viscosity that optimizes tradeoffs in spreading versus cohesive bulk energy needed to enhance adhesion. Too much water lowers viscosity so that the glue spreads well, but cohesive failure occurs easily, generating poor adhesion. However, the optimal viscosity model of adhesion is based on experiments using smooth glass. Here we test the hypothesis that a less viscous, “over-lubricated” glue, which shows poor adhesion on smooth glass, will be stickier on hairy insects because of its greater ability to spread across three-dimensional rough surfaces. We ran adhesion tests of the furrow spider (Larinioides cornutus[Clerck 1757]) viscid silk on honey bee (Apis mellifera) thorax, with and without hairs, in either high or medium humidity. Our results show that “over-lubricated” glue increases adhesion on hairy surfaces, performing equally as well as an optimally viscous glue.