Interaction between birth complications and early maternal rejection in predisposing individuals to adult violence: specificity to serious, early-onset violence.
Interaction between birth complications and early maternal rejection in predisposing individuals to adult violence: specificity to serious, early-onset violence.
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出生并发症和早期产妇排斥之间的相互作用使个体容易遭受成人暴力：严重的早发暴力的特异性。
DOI：
10.1176/ajp.154.9.1265
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发表时间：
1997
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Mednick,SA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Raine,A;Brennan,P;Mednick,SA
目的作者之前报道过，出生并发症与早期产妇排斥反应相互作用，使个体在 18 岁时容易遭受暴力。本研究将暴力犯罪的随访期从 18 年延长至 34 年，从而将暴力犯罪者的样本增加了三倍，并可以对暴力的发生和类型、产妇排斥的形式以及产妇精神疾病的影响进行更详细的分析。方法对丹麦 4,269 名男性的出生并发症、1 岁前产妇排斥以及他们 34 岁时的刑事犯罪史进行了评估。以前观察到的互动是针对暴力犯罪而不是非暴力犯罪，专门针对更严重的暴力形式而不是暴力威胁，针对早发性暴力而不是晚发性暴力，并且没有考虑到母亲患有精神疾病。在公共护理机构中长大的第一年以及母亲试图堕胎是母亲排斥的关键因素，与出生并发症相互作用，导致暴力对象易受暴力侵害。结论这些发现 1) 表明早发性严重暴力的机制不同于较不严重的晚发性暴力，2) 暗示了暴力发展的早期因素，3) 强调了将心理社会因素与生物因素相结合在理解和预防暴力方面的潜在重要性，以及4）表明减少出生并发症和产妇排斥反应的干预措施可能有助于减少暴力。
ObjectiveThe authors previously reported that birth complications interact with early maternal rejection in predisposing individuals to violence at age 18 years. This study extended the follow-up period for violent offending from 18 years to 34 years, thus increasing the sample of violent offenders threefold and allowing more detailed analyses on onset and type of violence, the form of maternal rejection, and the effect of maternal mental illness.MethodComplications in the births of 4,269 males in Denmark, maternal rejection of these individuals before the age of 1 year, and their histories of criminal offenses at age 34 years were assessed.ResultsThe biosocial interaction previously observed held for violent but not nonviolent crime, was specific to more serious forms of violence and not threats of violence, held for early-onset but not late-onset violence, and was not accounted for by psychiatric illness in the mothers. Being reared in a public care institution in the first year of life and the mother’s attempt to abort the fetus were the key aspects of maternal rejection that interacted with birth complications in predisposing a subject to violence.ConclusionsThese findings 1) indicate that the mechanisms underlying early-onset, serious violence differ from those for less serious, late-onset violence, 2) implicate very early factors in the development of violence, 3) highlight the potential importance of integrating psychosocial with biological factors in understanding and preventing violence, and 4) suggest that interventions to reduce birth complications and maternal rejection may help reduce violence.