Personality development and growth in women across 30 years: three perspectives.
Personality development and growth in women across 30 years: three perspectives.
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30 年来女性的人格发展和成长：三个视角。
DOI：
10.1111/1467-6494.00179
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发表时间：
2002
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Klohnen,EvaC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Roberts,BrentW;Helson,Ravenna;Klohnen,EvaC
本文通过对78名女性的30年纵向研究，探讨了三个关于人格发展的问题：（1）在30年的时间里，女性在人格特征上的地位在多大程度上保持不变，哪些广泛的因素与她们的等级顺序的变化量有关？(2)随着时间的推移，样本作为一个整体在人格发展指数上是增加还是减少，它们的变化方式是否与女性不同？(3)经验因素与个体差异的变化量有关吗？结果表明，个性是相当一致的，同时也表明，时间间隔呈正相关的排名顺序变化和年龄呈负相关的排名顺序变化。从21岁到52岁，女性在规范取向和复杂性的测量上有所增加，并且在支配和女性气质/男性气质的测量上显示出变化，这与性别角色的改变会导致支配的增加和女性气质/男性气质的增加，然后减少的假设一致。第三组结果表明，支配和女性/男性气质的变化与生活环境有关，如婚姻紧张，离婚和参与有偿劳动力。研究结果对人格发展和成长的意义进行了讨论。
This article addressesthree questions about personality development in a 30‐year longitudinal study of women (N= 78): (1) To what extent did the women maintain the same position inrelation to each other on personality characteristics over the 30 years, and what broad factorswere related to the amount of change in their rank order? (2) Did the sample as a whole increaseor decrease over time on indices of personality growth, and did they change in ways distinctive towomen? (3) Were experiential factors associated with individual differences in the amount ofchange? Results showed that personality was quite consistent while also showing that timeinterval was positively related to rank‐order change and age was negatively related to rank‐orderchange. Over the period from age 21 to age 52, the women increased on measures ofnorm‐orientation and complexity and showed changes on measures of Dominance andFemininity/Masculinity consistent with the hypothesis that changing sex roles would lead toincreases in Dominance and increases, then decreases, in Femininity/Masculinity. A third set ofresults showed that changes in Dominance and Femininity/Masculinity were associated with lifecircumstances such as marital tension, divorce, and participation in the paid labor force. Theimplications of the findings for personality development and growth are discussed.