Unusual predator-prey dynamics under reciprocal phenotypic plasticity
Unusual predator-prey dynamics under reciprocal phenotypic plasticity
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jtbi.2012.04.012
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发表时间：
2012-07-21
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Mougi, Akihiko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mougi, Akihiko
最近的理论和实验表明，可塑性，如捕食者-食饵相互作用中的诱导防御或诱导攻击，强烈影响种群动态的稳定性。然而，这种塑料适应并不会导致反相循环等不寻常的动态，这种循环发生在实验中的捕食者-猎物系统中，猎物的防御特征具有进化适应。在这里，我证明了在捕食-被捕食系统中，当两个成员物种都可以通过适应性可塑性(可诱导的防御和进攻)改变其表型时，捕食-被捕食系统中可能会发生反阶段循环和隐蔽循环(一个物种的种群数量波动很大，而另一个物种的种群数量几乎没有变化)。我考虑了一种常见的捕食者-食饵系统，在这种系统中，两个物种都可以通过表型可塑性改变它们的形态或行为。可塑性，也就是在不同的表型之间改变的能力，被认为是为了使它们的适应性最大化而发生的。我研究了相互适应可塑性如何影响种群动态。结果表明，当两个物种都表现出可诱导的可塑性时，可能会出现反相种群周期和隐藏周期等异常动力学。当猎物的承载能力很小(猎物生长的密度依赖性很强)时，特别可能发生不寻常的动态。这种不寻常的捕食者-猎物动态可能是由表型可塑性引起的，只要表型发生变化以最大限度地适应。(C)2012爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
Recent theories and experiments have shown that plasticity, such as an inducible defense or an inducible offense in predator-prey interactions, strongly influences the stability of the population dynamics. However, such plastic adaptation has not been expected to cause unusual dynamics such as antiphase cycles, which occur in experimental predator-prey systems with evolutionary adaptation in the defensive trait of prey. Here I show that antiphase cycles and cryptic cycles (a large population fluctuation in one species with almost no change in the population of the other species) can occur in a predator-prey system when both member species can change their phenotypes through adaptive plasticity (inducible defenses and offenses). I consider a familiar type of predator-prey system in which both species can change their morphology or behavior through phenotypic plasticity. The plasticity, that is, the ability to change between distinct phenotypes, is assumed to occur so as to maximize their fitness. I examined how the reciprocal adaptive plasticity influences the population dynamics. The results show that unusual dynamics such as antiphase population cycles and cryptic cycles can occur when both species show inducible plasticity. The unusual dynamics are particularly likely to occur when the carrying capacity of the prey is small (the density dependence of the prey's growth is strong). The unusual predator-prey dynamics may be induced by phenotypic plasticity as long as the phenotypic change occurs to maximize fitness. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.