Quantitative farm-to-fork risk assessment model for norovirus and hepatitis A virus in European leafy green vegetable and berry fruit supply chains
Quantitative farm-to-fork risk assessment model for norovirus and hepatitis A virus in European leafy green vegetable and berry fruit supply chains
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.12.013
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发表时间：
2015-04-02
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Husman, Ana Maria de Roda
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bouwknegt, Martijn;Verhaelen, Katharina;Husman, Ana Maria de Roda
被病毒污染的新鲜农产品在生吃时可能会导致感染和病毒性胃肠炎或肝炎。因此，减少这些食物上的病毒数量非常重要。在新鲜农产品生产和加工中预防病毒污染可能比处理更有效，因为通过收获后处理充分去除或灭活病毒需要高剂量，这可能对食品质量产生不利影响。到目前为止，对各种潜在污染途径的影响还缺乏了解。建立了树莓和沙拉蔬菜供应链中人类诺如病毒、甲型肝炎病毒和人类腺病毒的风险评估模型，以量化潜在污染源对零售农产品污染的贡献。这些模型被用来估计公共卫生风险。模型参数化是基于欧洲供应链的监测数据和文献数据。在软水果供应链中未发现人类致病病毒;检测到人类腺病毒（hAdV），并将其作为粪便污染的指标进行额外监测，以评估潜在污染点的贡献。基于模型，每份生菜对NoV感染的估计风险为3 x 10（-4）（6 x 10（-6）-5 x 10（-3）），对甲型肝炎黄疸的估计风险为3 x 10（-8）（7 x 10（-10）-3 x 10（-6））。与灌溉、传送带和冲洗水相比，手接触对病毒污染的贡献更大。总之，生菜和软水果供应链中发生了病毒污染，估计健康风险通常较低。尽管如此，生菜的估计新冠病毒污染上限为97.5%，这表明每份生菜的感染风险可能高达50%。我们的研究表明，考虑到监测结果，与其他检查来源相比，注意完全遵守手部卫生将最大限度地提高与病毒风险相关的新鲜农产品安全性。在生产和加工设施中遵守其他卫生和水质法规将进一步有助于这一效果。(C)2015爱思唯尔B. V.保留所有权利。
Fresh produce that is contaminated with viruses may lead to infection and viral gastroenteritis or hepatitis when consumed raw. It is thus important to reduce virus numbers on these foods. Prevention of virus contamination in fresh produce production and processing may be more effective than treatment, as sufficient virus removal or inactivation by post-harvest treatment requires high doses that may adversely affect food quality. To date knowledge of the contribution of various potential contamination routes is lacking. A risk assessment model was developed for human norovirus, hepatitis A virus and human adenovirus in raspberry and salad vegetable supply chains to quantify contributions of potential contamination sources to the contamination of produce at retail. These models were used to estimate public health risks. Model parameterization was based on monitoring data from European supply chains and literature data. No human pathogenic viruses were found in the soft fruit supply chains; human adenovirus (hAdV) was detected, which was additionally monitored as an indicator of fecal pollution to assess the contribution of potential contamination points. Estimated risks per serving of lettuce based on the models were 3 x 10(-4) (6 x 10(-6)-5 x 10(-3)) for NoV infection and 3 x 10(-8) (7 x 10(-10)-3 x 10(-6)) for hepatitis A jaundice. The contribution to virus contamination of hand-contact was larger as compared with the contribution of irrigation, the conveyor belt or the water used for produce rinsing. In conclusion, viral contamination in the lettuce and soft fruit supply chains occurred and estimated health risks were generally low. Nevertheless, the 97.5% upper limit for the estimated NoV contamination of lettuce suggested that infection risks up to 50% per serving might occur. Our study suggests that attention to full compliance for hand hygiene will improve fresh produce safety related to virus risks most as compared to the other examined sources, given the monitoring results. This effect will be further aided by compliance with other hygiene and water quality regulations in production and processing facilities. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.