Occurrence of C3 and C4 photosynthetic pathways in North American Grasses.
Occurrence of C3 and C4 photosynthetic pathways in North American Grasses.
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北美草中 C3 和 C4 光合作用途径的发生。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1979
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. K. Lewis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Waller;J. K. Lewis
对美国禾本科植物光合作用途径C和C的发生情况进行了文献综述。讨论了这两条光合作用途径的不同特点。选择叶片解剖、CO、补偿点、缺氧大气净光合作用增强、QC鉴别和初始产物标记等指标对6个亚科、25个族、138个属、632个种的数据进行了评价。毛竹亚科、毛竹亚科、毛竹亚科和毛竹亚科均由具有C-1途径的物种组成。除单胞亚科外，石斑亚科内的所有部落都有C型通路。在Panicoideae中，除了Sacciolepus属、Isachne属、Oplismenus属、Amphicatpum属和Panicum属外，雄配子亚科和所有的Panicae属都有C_1通路。Panicum中的Dichanthelium亚属为C，而Bupanicum亚属包含C和C两种光合作用途径的植物。植物生产力取决于几个环境和生物因素。最重要的单一因素是光合作用。二氧化碳(CO；？)Calvin和Bassham(1962)描述了固定，其中二氧化碳被结合到6碳化合物中并迅速转化为3碳化合物3-磷酸甘油酸(3PGA)。在Kortschalk等人的发现之前。(1965)和Hatch and Slack(1966)，Calvin循环(C_1，还原戊糖途径)被认为是C(C)固定的主要光合作用机制。然而，Hatch and Slack(1966)描述了CO；！其中标记CO；！首先结合在4碳化合物(苹果酸、天冬氨酸或草酰乙酸)中，然后通过3-磷酸甘油酸酯转移到糖中。拟议的机制涉及两个相互关联的代谢周期的运作。Downton(1970)描述了在叶肉细胞中将碳固定到Cd-二元酸中，并随后将其并入位于束鞘细胞中的Calvin循环。具有4碳途径的植物(Cd植物)(也称为Cd，二元酸，Kranz型，低CO；！补偿途径、热带途径、孵化和松弛途径或p-羧化途径)具有热带特点，效率更高。它们产生的干物质比具有3-碳途径的植物(C，植物)多两到三倍，特别是在相对阳光、温暖、干燥的气候下(Black 197 1)。与钙途径相关的独特特征促进了对开花植物光合作用过程的深入研究。最重要的光合作用途径
A literature survey was made for the occurrence of C, and C, photosynthetic pathways in the United States Gramineae. Distinctive characteristics of the two photosynthetic pathways are discussed. Leaf anatomy, CO, compensation point, net enhancement of photosynthesis in oxygen-deficient atmosphere, QC discrimination, and initial product labeling were criteria selected to evaluate data for 6 subfamilies including 25 tribes, 138 genera, and 632 species. The Arundinoideae, Bambusoideae, Oryzoideae, and Pooideae (Festucoideae) are composed of species with C, pathways. All tribes within the Eragrostoideae have C, pathways with the exception of Unioleae. Within the Panicoideae, the Andropogoneae and all of the Paniceae, excepting the genera Sacciolepus, Isachne, Oplismenus, Amphicatpum, and Panicum, have C, pathways. The subgenus Dichanthelium within Panicum is C, while the Bupanicum subgenus contains plants with both C, and C, photosynthetic pathways. Plant productivity is dependent on several environmental and biological factors. The most important single factor is photosynthesis. A pathway for carbon dioxide (CO;?) fixation was described by Calvin and Bassham (1962) in which CO2 was incorporated into a 6-carbon compound and rapidly converted to a 3-carbon compound, 3-phosphoglyceric acid (3PGA). Previous to discoveries of Kortschalk et al. (1965) and Hatch and Slack (1966), the Calvin cycle (C,, reductive pentose pathway) was considered the major photosynthetic mechanism for carbon (C) fixation. However, Hatch and Slack (1966) described CO;! fixation in which labeled CO;! was first incorporated in 4-carbon compounds (malic, aspartic , or oxaloacetic acid) prior to transfer to sugars by way of 3-phosphoglycerate. The proposed mechanism involved the operation of two interconnected metabolic cycles. Downton (1970) described carbon fixation into Cd-dicarboxylic acids in mesophyll cells and subsequent incorporation into the Calvin cycle located in the bundle sheath cells. Plants (Cd plants) possessing the 4-carbon pathway (also called Cd, dicarboxylic acid, Kranz type, low CO;! compensation, tropical, Hatch and Slack, or p carboxylation pathway) were of tropical ongm and more efficient. They produced two- to threefold more dry matter than plants possessing the 3-carbon pathway (C, plants), especially in relatively sunny, warm, dry climates (Black 197 1). Distinctive characteristics associated with the Ca pathway prompted intensive research in photosynthetic processes of flowering plants. The most important photosynthetic pathways