THE FUNGAL DIMENSION OF BIODIVERSITY - MAGNITUDE, SIGNIFICANCE, AND CONSERVATION
THE FUNGAL DIMENSION OF BIODIVERSITY - MAGNITUDE, SIGNIFICANCE, AND CONSERVATION
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DOI：
10.1016/s0953-7562(09)80810-1
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发表时间：
1991-06-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
HAWKSWORTH, DL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
HAWKSWORTH, DL
真菌是真菌学家研究的色菌界、真菌属和原生动物界的成员，在生物多样性的讨论中很少得到考虑。 已知的物种数量约为69000种，但世界上的保守估计为150万种，比迄今为止提出的高出六倍。 新世界的估计主要是基于不同地区的维管植物：真菌比例。 它被认为是保守的，因为：（1）它是基于世界维管植物的较低估计;（2）没有对现在认为存在的大量昆虫进行单独的规定;（3）比率是基于真菌学仍然不完全了解的地区;（4）没有考虑热带和极地地区的较高比率。 许多新物种仍有待发现的证据。 这一认识对系统化的人力、资源和分类具有重大意义。 真菌在陆地生命的进化（特别是通过互惠），生态系统功能和生物多样性的维持，人类进步和盖亚的运作中发挥着至关重要的作用。 原地保护和迁地保护是相辅相成的，并强调了文化收藏的重要性。 国际合作是必要的，以制定一个世界清单，量化功能的作用，并有效地保护。
Fungi, members of the kingdoms Chromista, Fungi s.str. and Protozoa studied by mycologists, have received scant consideration in discussions on biodiversity. The number of known species is about 69 000, but that in the world is conservatively estimated at 1.5 million; six-times higher than hitherto suggested. The new world estimate is primarily based on vascular plant: fungus ratios in different regions. It is considered conservative as: (1) it is based on the lower estimates of world vascular plants; (2) no separate provision is made for the vast numbers of insects now suggested to exist; (3) ratios are based on areas still not fully known mycologically; and (4) no allowance is made for higher ratios in tropical and polar regions. Evidence that numerous new species remain to be found is presented. This realization has major implications for systematic manpower, resources, and classification. Fungi have and continue to play a vital role in the evolution of terrestrial life (especially through mutualisms), ecosystem function and the maintenance of biodiversity, human progress, and the operation of Gaia. Conservation in situ and ex situ are complementary, and the significance of culture collections is stressed. International collaboration is required to develop a world inventory, quantify functional roles, and for effective conservation.