Disentangling the lasting effects of adolescent cannabinoid exposure.
Disentangling the lasting effects of adolescent cannabinoid exposure.
复制标题
解开青少年接触大麻素的持久影响。
DOI：
10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110067
复制
发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Torregrossa,MaryM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stringfield,SierraJ;Torregrossa,MaryM
大麻是青少年中使用最广泛的非法药物，青少年使用大麻与各种神经认知缺陷有关，这些缺陷可能延续到成年。越来越多的证据支持这一假设，即青春期包括一个脆弱的发展时期，暴露于外源性大麻素可以改变大脑成熟的正常轨迹。在这篇综述中，我们提出了一个概述的研究人类和啮齿动物模型，研究青少年暴露的持久影响。我们纳入了来自荟萃分析、纵向或横断面研究的证据，这些研究认为发病年龄是导致大麻使用者行为失调和结构或功能发育改变的一个因素。我们还讨论了来自临床前啮齿动物模型的证据，这些模型利用了充分表征或创新的暴露途径，研究了剂量和时间对神经元和行为水平上产生行为缺陷或改变的影响。来自人类和动物的多项研究提供了关于残留效应大小的对比结果。综合证据表明，在青春期接触精神活性大麻素有可能产生微妙但持久的神经生物学和行为改变。
Cannabis is the most widely used illicit substance among adolescents, and adolescent cannabis use is associated with various neurocognitive deficits that can extend into adulthood. A growing body of evidence supports the hypothesis that adolescence encompasses a vulnerable period of development where exposure to exogenous cannabinoids can alter the normative trajectory of brain maturation. In this review, we present an overview of studies of human and rodent models that examine lasting effects of adolescent exposure. We include evidence from meta-analyses, longitudinal, or cross-sectional studies in humans that consider age of onset as a factor that contributes to the behavioral dysregulation and altered structural or functional development in cannabis users. We also discuss evidence from preclinical rodent models utilizing well-characterized or innovative routes of exposure, investigating the effects of dose and timing to produce behavioral deficits or alterations on a neuronal and behavioral level. Multiple studies from both humans and animals provide contrasting results regarding the magnitude of residual effects. Combined evidence suggests that exposure to psychoactive cannabinoids during adolescence has the potential to produce subtle, but lasting, alterations in neurobiology and behavior.