Electromagnetic Fluctuations at the Nanoscale: Theory and Applications
Electromagnetic Fluctuations at the Nanoscale: Theory and Applications
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纳米尺度的电磁涨落：理论与应用
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-662-53474-8
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. A. Guslyakov
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
I. M. Lyubarskii;V. Udovenko;N. N. Fedorkov;A. A. Guslyakov
由于内部电流密度的热和量子涨落，所有介质都被波动的电磁场包围。在靠近表面的地方，由于瞬逝电磁波的存在，这种波动的电磁场被强烈增强。当表面存在表面等离子体、表面极化激元或吸附物的振动模式等表面模式时，这种增强尤其大。在存在表面模式的情况下，热辐射可以表现出空间和时间相干性。近年来，纳米尺度电磁涨落研究取得了重大进展。这与新实验方法的发展有关，这些方法使得在纳米尺度上探测这些波动成为可能，纳米尺度上的波动比较大长度尺度上的波动要强得多。因此，最近对卡西米尔-范德华力的测量达到了前所未有的精度。这些测量结果与远距离范围内的范德华力理论一致，其中延迟效应变得至关重要，并且相互作用由热涨落而不是量子涨落决定。 近年来，非平衡系统的电磁涨落研究受到了相当多的关注。理论预测和实验证实，近场区域两个不同温度物体之间的辐射热通量比经典斯特凡-玻尔兹曼定律确定的辐射热通量大多个数量级。更值得注意的是，对于相对运动的两个物体，电磁波动会产生摩擦力，即使物体之间没有直接接触（即通过真空间隙彼此隔离），摩擦力也不为零。这种类型的摩擦是在量子阱中的电子之间以及充满液体的狭窄通道中的离子之间进行测量的。随着定制原子和纳米级材料技术的进步，我们预计这种非接触效应会更大。在本专着中，提出了电磁涨落的一般理论。检查平衡和非平衡电磁涨落。该理论用于计算相对运动物体之间的热辐射、相互作用力和辐射传热。
All media are surrounded by a fluctuating electromagnetic field due to the thermal and quantum fluctuations of the current densities inside them. Close to the surface, this fluctuating electromagnetic field is strongly enhanced due to the existence of evanescent electromagnetic waves. This enhancement is especially large when, on the surface, there are surface modes such as surface plasmons, surface polaritons, or the vibrational modes of adsorbates. In the presence of the surface modes, thermal radiation can exhibit spatial and temporal coherence. In last few years, significant progress was achieved in the study of electromagnetic fluctuations at the nanoscale. This is connected with the development of new experimental methods, which made it possible to probe these fluctuations at the nanoscale, where fluctuations are much stronger than at larger length scales. Thus, the measurements of Casimir–van der Waals forces were recently carried out with unprecedented accuracy. These measurements agree with the theory of van der Waals forces up to very large distances, where retardation effects become essential, and where the interaction is determined by thermal fluctuations rather than quantum fluctuations.In recent years, considerable attention has been devoted to the studies of electromagnetic fluctuations for non-equilibrium systems. It was theoretically predicted and experimentally confirmed that the radiative heat flux between two bodies with different temperature in the near-field region is many orders of magnitude larger than determined by the classical Stefan–Boltzmann law. Even more remarkable is the fact that, for two bodies in relative motion, the electromagnetic fluctuations result in a friction force, which is non-zero even in the absence of direct contact between the bodies, ie isolated from each other by a vacuum gap. This type of friction was measured between the electrons in quantum wells, and between ions in narrow channels filled with liquid. We expect even larger such non-contact effects as the technology for tailoring atomic and nanoscale materials improves. In this monograph, a general theory of electromagnetic fluctuations is presented. Both equilibrium and non-equilibrium electromagnetic fluctuations are examined. The theory is applied for calculation of the thermal radiation, interaction forces, and the radiative heat transfer between bodies in relative motion.