Evolutionary allometry of sexual dimorphism of jumping performance in anurans
Evolutionary allometry of sexual dimorphism of jumping performance in anurans
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DOI：
10.1007/s10682-021-10132-x
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发表时间：
2021-09
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Bryan H. Juarez;D. Adams
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bryan H. Juarez;D. Adams
性二型性是动物的共同特征，但不同类群的性二型性程度并不是恒定的。有时，性二态的大小会随着体型的不同而有系统地变化，从而导致性二态的进化异速生长。虽然这类模式通常是针对总体大小等性状进行研究的，但其他性状的性别二型性异速生长变异仍未得到充分研究。在这里，我们描述了无尾两栖动物的一个功能表型特征(跳跃表现)中性二态的进化异速生长。利用146个物种的跳跃表现的形态和解剖学近似，我们检验了性别二态进化的相关选择模型的证据。我们分析了关键表型性状中性别二态的进化异速生长模式，包括：身体大小(口鼻长度和质量)、相对腿长、相对腿部肌肉体积、特定质量的峰值跳跃能量和峰值跳跃速度。我们发现，正如以前报道的那样，性别大小的二型性在物种之间的比例是等距的，并且在跳跃表现中独立于性别二型性。然而，值得注意的是，我们发现在相对肢体长度和跳跃表现的两个组成部分上，性别二态的进化异速生长有显著的趋势。此外，我们发现，在相对肢体长度方面，女性的进化速度比男性更快，但跳跃能力并不是这样。我们还观察到肢体长度二型性的异速生长趋势与性能异速生长有关。跳跃成绩中的性别二型性在高性能物种中增加，而雌性在高性能物种中表现出相对肢体长度的增加。因此，我们假设，作用于功能表现的选择解释了形态上的性别二态的异速生长模式。我们讨论了我们的发现在自然选择和性选择方面的生物学意义。这项研究强调了人们可以通过从功能角度研究性二形性异速生长来了解进化的模式和过程所获得的洞察力的类型。
Sexual dimorphism is a common feature in animals, yet the degree of sexual dimorphism is not constant across taxa. Sometimes the magnitude of sexual dimorphism varies systematically with body size, resulting in evolutionary allometry of sexual dimorphism. While such patterns are commonly investigated for traits such as overall size, allometric variation in sexual dimorphism of other traits remains underexplored. Here, we characterize the evolutionary allometry of sexual dimorphism in a functional phenotypic trait (jumping performance) in anurans. Using morphology and anatomical approximations of jumping performance across 146 species, we test for evidence of the correlated selection model of sexual dimorphism evolution. We analyze patterns of evolutionary allometry of sexual dimorphism in key phenotypic traits, including: body size (snout-vent length and mass), relative leg length, relative leg muscle volume, mass-specific peak jumping energy, and peak jumping velocity. We find that as previously reported, sexual size dimorphism scales isometrically between species and is independent of sexual dimorphism in jumping performance. Notably, however, we found significant trends in the evolutionary allometry of sexual dimorphism in relative limb length, and in two components of jumping performance. Additionally, we found greater rates of evolution for females versus males in relative limb length, but not jumping performance. We also observed that the allometric trends in limb length dimorphism were related to performance allometry. Sexual dimorphism in jumping performance increased in species with high performance while females in high performance species displayed increased relative limb length. Thus, we hypothesize that selection acting on functional performance explains allometric patterns of sexual dimorphism in morphology. We discuss biological implications of our findings in relation to natural and sexual selection. This study highlights the types of insights one may gain by studying the allometry of sexual dimorphism from a functional perspective to learn about both patterns and processes in evolution.