Optical Biopsy - Detecting Cancer with Light
Optical Biopsy - Detecting Cancer with Light
复制标题
光学活检 - 用光检测癌症
DOI：
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发表时间：
1996
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Alfano
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Katz;R. Alfano
医学界对开发新的、更复杂的技术，用于检测疾病的智能、非侵入性方法有着浓厚的兴趣。本文介绍了一种潜在的新的医疗工具，称为光学活检。在过去的十年中，纽约（CCNY）的研究人员一直在开发用于光学活检方法的光谱技术，以评估、诊断和表征组织。1，2光学活检技术不需要从体内取出组织。它们是基于生物医学样品的分析，通过其特有的光学特性，如图1所示。通过照射组织样本并分析样本响应于该光学激发而发射或散射的光的“颜色”，能够确定组织的状态-正常、良性、癌前或癌性。拉曼1 -7和拉曼8 -11过程是潜在的光学活检方法。在荧光光谱学中，人们测量允许的电子跃迁，而拉曼光谱学对来自各种分子基团的振动跃迁敏感。当光子在组织中被吸收时，激发的分子可以通过辐射返回到基态。图2示意性地显示了吸收、荧光、拉曼和磷光的跃迁。所发射的光的光谱给出关于组织中发生的不同分子或结构变化的存在的信息，并且因此给出组织的状态的信息。从正常到癌变的状态变化改变了组织结构和组成，从而改变了发射和散射光的光谱。
The medical community has a strong interest in developing new, more sophisticated techniques for smart, non-invasive methods of detecting disease. This article describes a potentially new medical tool called optical biopsy. Over the past ten years, researchers at the City College of New York (CCNY) have been developing spectroscopic techniques for an optical biopsy approach to evaluate, diagnosis and characterize tissue.1,2 Optical biopsy techniques do not require the removal of tissue from the body. They are based on the analysis of a biomedical sample through its characteristic optical properties as shown in Fig. 1. By illuminating a tissue sample and analyzing the “colors” of the light which the sample emits or scatters in response to this optical excitation, one is are able to determine the state of the tissue - normal, benign, precancerous or cancerous. Fluorescence1-7 and Raman8-11 processes are potential optical biopsy methods. In fluorescence spectroscopy, one measures the allowed electronic transitions, while Raman spectroscopy is sensitive to the vibrational transitions from various groups of molecules. When a photon is absorbed in tissue, the excited molecule can return to the ground state by radiation Fig. 2 schematically shows the transitions for absorption, fluorescence, Raman and phosphorescence. The spectrum of the light emitted gives information about the presence of different molecules or structural changes that occur in the tissue and hence, the state of the tissue. The change in state from normal to cancerous alters tissue structure and composition and thus alters the spectrum of emitted and scattered light.