INSECT PURSUIT, PREY CAPTURE AND ECHOLOCATION IN PIPISTRELLE BATS (MICROCHIROPTERA)
INSECT PURSUIT, PREY CAPTURE AND ECHOLOCATION IN PIPISTRELLE BATS (MICROCHIROPTERA)
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DOI：
10.1016/0003-3472(95)80090-5
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发表时间：
1995-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
KALKO, EKV
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
KALKO, EKV
在自然条件下，研究了三种欧洲水蚤(Picistrellus piistrellus、P.nathusii和P.kuhlii)的觅食和回声定位行为。在频闪照明下，用两个35 mm相机拍摄吸管，同时记录它们的回声定位信号。这使得能够三维重建蝙蝠和猎物的飞行路线，并允许在自然觅食行为的背景下研究回声定位行为的细节。在三个物种中，觅食和回声定位行为之间的一般关系是一致的。觅食行为包括四个阶段：搜索飞行(发现猎物之前)、接近飞行(发现猎物后追逐)、捕获和取回猎物。这些阶段与回声定位行为的阶段相关：搜索、接近和结束阶段，然后是暂停。探测到猎物的距离为1.14-2.20米。从蝙蝠嘴里伸出的搜索锥体宽达150度。吸管在半空中捕捉猎物，要么单独使用尾膜，要么用翅膀将其输送到尾膜上。除了在搜索阶段的声音持续时间、脉冲间隔、带宽和终端频率上存在种内和种间的差异外，三种管状体的回声定位信号的结构和模式都是相似的。在接近目标和结束阶段，脉冲宽度和脉冲间隔随着接近目标而减小，而带宽和扫频比随着接近目标而增加。在追逐昆虫时，吸管精确地避免了从猎物发出的信号和返回的回声之间的重叠。此外，蝙蝠在到达昆虫前几厘米就停止了发出信号。(C)1995年动物行为研究协会
The foraging and echolocation behaviour of three European pipistrelles (Pipistrellus pipistrellus, P. nathusii and P. kuhlii) was studied under natural conditions. The pipistrelles were photographed with two 35 mm cameras under stroboscopic illumination, and their echolocation signals were recorded simultaneously. This permits a three-dimensional reconstruction of the flight paths of bat and prey, and allows the details of echolocation behaviour to be studied in the context of natural foraging behaviour. The general relationships between foraging and echolocation behaviour were consistent among the three species. Foraging behaviour consisted of four stages: search flight (before detection of prey), approach flight (pursuit after detection of prey), capture and retrieval of prey. These stages correlated with phases in echolocation behaviour: search, approach, and terminal phase followed by a pause. Detection of prey occurred at distances of 1.14-2.20 m. The search cone extending from the bat's mouth was up to 150 degrees wide. The pipistrelles caught prey in mid-air, either with the tail membrane alone or by funnelling it with a wing onto the tail membrane. Except for some intra- and interspecific differences in sound duration, pulse interval, bandwidth and terminal frequency in search phase, the structure and pattern of the echolocation signals were similar in the three pipistrelles. In the approach and terminal phases, pulse duration and pulse interval decreased with the approach to the target, while bandwidth and sweeprate increased. While pursuing insects, the pipistrelles precisely avoided an overlap between outgoing signal and the echo returning from the prey. Furthermore, the bats stopped emitting signals several centimetres before they reached the insect. (C) 1995 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour