Gorillas in our midst: sustained inattentional blindness for dynamic events
Gorillas in our midst: sustained inattentional blindness for dynamic events
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DOI：
10.1068/p2952
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发表时间：
1999-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Chabris, CF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Simons, DJ;Chabris, CF
随着每一次眼睛的注视，我们都体验到一个细节丰富的视觉世界。然而，最近关于视觉整合和变化方向的研究表明，我们对从一个视角到下一个视角的环境细节一无所知：我们通常不会发现物体和场景的巨大变化（“变化盲”）。此外，如果没有注意力，我们甚至可能无法感知物体（“无意失明”）。总而言之，这些发现表明，我们只感知和记住那些受到集中注意力的物体和细节。在本文中，我们简要回顾和讨论这些认知形式的“失明”的证据。然后，我们提出了一个新的研究，建立在经典的研究分割视觉注意检查无意视盲复杂的物体和动态场景中的事件。我们的研究结果表明，注意到一个意想不到的对象的可能性取决于该对象的相似性，在显示器中的其他对象和启动监测任务的难度。有趣的是，空间接近的关键无人值守的对象出席的位置似乎不会影响检测，这表明观察员出席的对象和事件，而不是空间位置。我们讨论了这些结果的影响，我们的视觉环境的视觉表征和意识。
With each eye fixation, we experience a richly detailed visual world. Yet recent work on visual integration and change direction reveals that we are surprisingly unaware of the details of our environment from one view to the next: we often do not detect large changes to objects and scenes ('change blindness'). Furthermore, without attention, we may not even perceive objects ('inattentional blindness'). Taken together, these findings suggest that we perceive and remember only those objects and details that receive focused attention. In this paper, we briefly review and discuss evidence for these cognitive forms of 'blindness'. We then present a new study that builds on classic studies of divided visual attention to examine inattentional blindness for complex objects and events in dynamic scenes. Our results suggest that the likelihood of noticing an unexpected object depends on the similarity of that object to other objects in the display and on how difficult the priming monitoring task is. Interestingly, spatial proximity of the critical unattended object to attended locations does not appear to affect detection, suggesting that observers attend to objects and events, not spatial positions. We discuss the implications of these results for visual representations and awareness of our visual environment.