The mid-Capitanian (Middle Permian) mass extinction and carbon isotope record of South China
The mid-Capitanian (Middle Permian) mass extinction and carbon isotope record of South China
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华南中卡皮坦阶（中二叠世）生物大灭绝与碳同位素记录
DOI：
10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.03.056
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发表时间：
2010-06-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Cope, H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bond, D. P. G.;Wignall, P. B.;Cope, H.
提出了卡庇塔阶的牙形石、碳同位素、化石和岩相数据（中二叠世）在台地碳酸盐中看到的大规模灭绝记录（茅口组和五家坪组），其中石灰岩与峨眉山大火成岩省的火山序列交错，茅口组提供了一个灭绝记录，其标志是keriothecal的丧失，在峨眉山省的剖面中，这一危机发生在最古老的火山活动记录的基础上，该记录来自Jinogondolella altudaensis牙形刺带（Capitanian age）在峨眉山省周边，该灭绝层位位于茅口组上部，在该层位，台地碳酸盐沉积经常被厚火山灰沉积事件中断。茅口组最上部的组合为以典型的“晚二叠世”分类群为特征，尽管这些水平仍然在中二叠世（瓜达卢佩统）“灾难”分类群内，例如Earlandia和Diplosphaerina在大灭绝之后在当地大量繁殖。危机在光合作用分类群中特别值得注意，例如可能具有光合共生体的石灰藻类和fusulinaceans。因此，一种涉及火山爆发冷却和硫酸盐气溶胶可能产生的酸雨的杀伤机制似乎是适当的。根据高分辨率牙形石生物地层学校准的复合δ C-13（碳水化合物）曲线显示，Capitanian内部的主要负偏移（>千分之5）叠加在典型的重偏移（千分之4-5）上。中二叠世的值这条曲线也可以在日本的Panthalassan海山碳酸盐岩中识别，尽管这需要将明显的上二叠世石灰岩重新分配到中二叠世。在中国和日本，Capitanian大灭绝发生在这次大灭绝的早期阶段。Capitanian内部负偏移假设典型的台地碳酸盐累积速率，Maokou Formation的记录表明三角洲C-13（carb）值下降到千分之001/kyr，表明灾难性起源（如天然气水合物不稳定）不太可能，尽管火山源是可能的（C）2010 Elsevier BV版权所有
Conodont,C isotope and fossil and facies data are presented for the Capitanian (Middle Permian) mass extinction record seen in platform carbonates (Maokou and Wuchiaping formations) of South China, where limestones interdigitate with the volcanic succession of the Emeishan large igneous province The Maokou Formation provides an extinction record marked by the loss of keriothecal-walled fusulinaceans and a turnover in calcareous algae In sections within the Emeishan province this crisis occurs at the base of the oldest record of volcanism from the Jinogondolella altudaensis conodont zone (of mid-Capitanian age) Around the periphery of the Emeishan province this extinction level lies within the upper part of the Maokou Formation at a level where platform carbonate deposition was frequently interrupted by thick volcanic ash depositional events The assemblages of the uppermost Maokou Formation are characterised by typical "Late Permian" taxa although these levels still he within the Middle Permian (Guadalupian Series) "Disaster" taxa, such as Earlandia and Diplosphaerina are locally prolifically abundant in the aftermath of the mass extinction The crisis is particularly noteworthy amongst photosynthetic taxa such as calcareous algae and fusulinaceans that probably harboured photosymbionts. Therefore, a kill mechanism involving cooling from explosive volcanism and potentially acid rain from sulphate aerosols appears appropriate. A composite delta C-13(carb) curve, calibrated against a high-resolution conodont biostratigraphy reveals a major intra-Capitanian negative excursion (of >5 parts per thousand) superimposed on typically heavy (4-5 parts per thousand.) Middle Permian values This curve can also be recognised in Panthalassan seamount carbonates of Japan although this requires reassignment of apparently Upper Permian limestones to the Middle Permian. In both China and Japan the Capitanian mass extinction occurs during the early stage of this major. intra-Capitanian negative excursion Assuming typical platform carbonate accumulation rates, the records of the Maokou Formation suggest delta C-13(carb) values fell at similar to 001 parts per thousand/kyr suggesting a catastrophic origin (such as gas hydrate destabilisation) is unlikely, although a volcanic source is possible (C) 2010 Elsevier BV All rights reserved