Host behaviour and its influence on foraging and acceptance by the solitary parasitoid wasp, Venturia canescens (Hym: Ichneumonidae)
Host behaviour and its influence on foraging and acceptance by the solitary parasitoid wasp, Venturia canescens (Hym: Ichneumonidae)
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DOI：
10.1007/bf02373068
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发表时间：
1995-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Thompson, DJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Harvey, JA;Thompson, DJ
本文研究了灰黑星菌黑星菌（Venturia canescens）与两种寄主Plodia interpunctella和Corcyra cephalonica之间的行为相互作用，研究了两种寄主在3龄（L3）~ 5龄（L5）期间对二毛刷模拟触角的反应。幼虫主要采取逃跑策略（扭动，垃圾），而L5 P. interpunctella通常在刺激后冻结。L3 C.在对刺激物的反应中，头斑拟步行虫幼虫比点斑拟步行虫更具攻击性（头后，甩动），但年龄较大的头斑拟步行虫幼虫比点斑拟步行虫幼虫更具攻击性（头后，甩动）。虽然灰斑潜蝇在触角形成后很容易刺向两种寄主，但斑潜蝇比灰斑潜蝇更容易受到寄生蜂的攻击。cephalonica，无论大小在最后（L5）龄。C.在接触寄生蜂后，大、更具攻击性的寄主cephalonica主动抵抗寄生，而P. interpunctella的反应更为被动。寄生蜂检查并将其产卵器刺向死亡的寄主，但这种行为并不持续，这意味着寄主的移动刺激了寄生蜂的攻击。而大部分斑间拟单胞菌幼虫在接触寄生蜂后表现出冻结反应。被冻结的P. interpunctella通常避免寄生，而试图通过爬行逃跑的幼虫则被V. canescens充满活力地追逐，通常被寄生。无论接触后的行为，C。灰腹潜蝇的寄主接受能力明显受其攻击寄主的大小和种类的影响。寄主防御行为的影响进行了讨论，关系到寄生虫的反防御和产卵策略的演变。
Behavioural interactions between the solitary koinobiont parasitoid, Venturia canescens, and two of its hosts, Plodia interpunctella and Corcyra cephalonica, were investigated.The response of both hosts to simulated antennation using a two-haired brush was examined over instars 3 (L3) to 5 (L5). Young P. interpunctella larvae predominantly adopted escape tactics (writhe, trash) whereas L5 P. interpunctella usually froze after the stimulus was applied. L3 C. cephalonica larvae were more aggressive (headrear, flick) than P. interpunctella in response to the application of the stimulus, but older C. cephalonica responded less aggressively than in earlier instars.Although V. canescens readily jabbed its ovipositor at both hosts after antennation, P. interpunctella was considerably more susceptible to parasitoid attack than C. cephalonica, irrespective of size in the final (L5) instar. C. cephalonica, the larger, more aggressive host, actively resisted parasitism whereas P. interpunctella responded much more passively after parasitoid contact. Parasitoids examined and jabbed their ovipositors at dead hosts, but this behaviour was not sustained, implying that host movement stimulates parasitoid attack.On patches containing V. canescens, L5 C. cephalonica and P. interpunctella, most P. interpunctella larvae responded by freezing after parasitoid contact. P. interpunctella that froze usually avoided parasitism, whereas larvae that attempted to escape by crawling were pursued with vigour by V. canescens and usually parasitized. Irrespective of behaviour after parasitoid contact, C. cephalonica displayed more aggressive behaviour and had much greater success iri warding off parasitoid attack.Host acceptance by V. canescens is clearly affected by the size and species of the host it attacks. The influence of host defensive behaviour is discussed in relation to the evolution of parasitoid counter-defences and oviposition strategies.