How leaf domatia and induced plant resistance affect herbivores, natural enemies and plant performance
How leaf domatia and induced plant resistance affect herbivores, natural enemies and plant performance
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DOI：
10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.890108.x
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发表时间：
2000-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Colfer, RG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Agrawal, AA;Karban, R;Colfer, RG
捕食者和植物抗性可能共同作用以控制植食性节肢动物种群，也可能相互对抗，从而降低对害虫种群的控制。在田间试验中，我们通过在植物上添加模拟的叶片domatia来增强捕食。叶囊是一种小型结构，经常藏匿对植物潜在有益的捕食性节肢动物。我们还通过控制诱导抗性来操纵宿主植物的二元性。我们的操作对栖息在植物中的节肢动物的自然群落产生了深远的影响。叶domatia有直接的积极影响的丰度的两种错误和一种蓟马，所有这些都是主要的捕食者的食草动物。在有叶片的叶子上，每种捕食者在叶片内被发现的频率是叶片外的两到三倍。叶domatia内的捕食性昆虫的卵被保护免受寄生相比，卵外domatia。叶domatia捕食者丰度的积极影响与减少草食性蜘蛛螨，蚜虫和粉虱的人口。诱导抗性对节肢动物群落也有影响。在大量的捕食者中，所有这些捕食者都以这种植物为食，只有微小的海盗虫受到诱导抗性的负面影响。食草性叶螨和粉虱的种群直接和负面影响的诱导。与此相反，蚜虫种群较高的植物诱导的抗性相比，未诱导的植物。诱导的电阻和domatia的效果是加性的每一个捕食者和蚜虫。然而，与单独使用每种策略相比，采用诱导抗性和domatia并不能进一步抑制叶螨和粉虱种群。我们的操作表明，植物防御策略可以对某些物种产生积极影响，对其他物种产生负面影响。“抗性痕迹”对捕食者的负面影响和对某些食草动物的正面影响可能会减少抗性性状组成型表达的益处，并可能有利于诱导防御策略。多种植物策略，如诱导抗性和形态特征，有助于招募食草动物的捕食者，可能会共同发挥作用，以最大限度地提高植物防御，虽然它们也可能是多余的，而不是加性的。
Predators and plant resistance may act together to control herbivorous arthropod populations or antagonistically, which would reduce the control of pest populations. In a field experiment we enhanced predation by adding simulated leaf domatia to plants. Leaf domatia are small structures that often harbor predaceous arthropods that are potentially beneficial to the plant. We also manipulated host plant duality by inducing resistance with controlled. early season exposure of seedlings to spider mite herbivory.Our manipulations had profound consequences for the natural community of arthropods that inhabited the plants. Leaf domatia had a direct positive effect on abundances of two species of bugs and one species of thrips, all of which are largely predators of herbivores. On leaves with domatia, each of the predators was found inside the domatia two to three times more often than outside the domatia. Eggs of predaceous bugs inside leaf domatia were protected from parasitism compared to eggs outside the domatia. The positive effects of leaf domatia on predator abundances were associated with reduced populations of herbivorous spider mites, aphids, and whiteflies. Plants with experimental leaf domatia showed significantly enhanced reproductive performance.Induced resistance also affected the community of arthropods. Of the abundant predators, all of which also fed on the plant, only minute pirate bugs were negatively affected by induced resistance. Populations of herbivorous spider mites and whiteflies were directly and negatively affected by induction. In contrast, aphid populations were higher on plants with induced resistance compared to uninduced plants. Effects of induced resistance and domatia were additive for each of the predators and for aphids. However, spider mite and whitefly populations were not suppressed Further by employing both induced resistance and domatia compared to each strategy alone. Our manipulations suggest that plant defense strategies can have positive effects on some species and negative effects on others. Negative effects of "resistance trails" on predators and positive effects on some herbivores may reduce the benefits of constitutive expression of resistance traits and may favor inducible defense strategies. Multiple plant strategies such as inducible resistance and morphological traits that aid in the recruitment of predators of herbivores may act together to maximize plant defenses, although they may also be redundant and not act additively.