Marine environmental DNA biomonitoring reveals seasonal patterns in biodiversity and identifies ecosystem responses to anomalous climatic events
Marine environmental DNA biomonitoring reveals seasonal patterns in biodiversity and identifies ecosystem responses to anomalous climatic events
复制标题
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pgen.1007943
复制
发表时间：
2019-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Bunce, Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Berry, Tina E.;Saunders, Benjamin J.;Bunce, Michael
海洋生态系统正在迅速变化，因为海洋变暖并变得更加酸性。物理因素和它们驱动的海洋化学变化都可以非常精确地测量。由于大多数生物监测方法侧重于有限的分类或大小范围，不同海洋区域生物群落组成的变化更难以测量。环境DNA（eDNA）分析有可能解决这个问题，在生物海洋学，因为它能够确定一个巨大的生物物种水平的系统发育范围。在这里，我们开发和应用一种新的多基因分子工具包，从一个单一的网站在五年内收集的大量浮游生物样品中分离的eDNA。这种时间尺度和细节水平在eDNA研究中是前所未有的。我们确定了一致的季节性浮游动物物种组合，这表明我们的工具包审计社区组成的能力。我们还能够检测到极端海洋热浪期间发生的与常规季节模式的明显偏离。eDNA分析与现有的生物和非生物调查相结合，为在快速变化的气候背景下监测我们世界海洋的健康状况提供了一种强大的新的长期方法。作者摘要所有环境都含有它们所包含和支持的生命的遗传残留物。例如，从海洋收集的样本含有微生物、脱落细胞、排泄物和唾液等生物材料，其中的DNA揭示了周围海洋的生物多样性。环境DNA（eDNA）方法有能力识别海洋物种，这是出了名的难以识别单独使用形态。在这里，我们开发了一个DNA工具包，并将其应用于从印度洋一个单一地点收集的五年样本。很难找到一个时间序列的样本，这一持续时间，也适合DNA分析。我们表明，eDNA技术有能力监测海洋生物的细节。我们展示了浮游生物和鱼类的生物群落如何对正常的季节变化做出反应，更重要的是，对不寻常的热浪做出反应。本文中体现的方法适用于整个地球仪的海洋研究，因此，铺平了道路的长期监测方案的设计使用eDNA。
Marine ecosystems are changing rapidly as the oceans warm and become more acidic. The physical factors and the changes to ocean chemistry that they drive can all be measured with great precision. Changes in the biological composition of communities in different ocean regions are far more challenging to measure because most biological monitoring methods focus on a limited taxonomic or size range. Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis has the potential to solve this problem in biological oceanography, as it is capable of identifying a huge phylogenetic range of organisms to species level. Here we develop and apply a novel multi-gene molecular toolkit to eDNA isolated from bulk plankton samples collected over a five-year period from a single site. This temporal scale and level of detail is unprecedented in eDNA studies. We identified consistent seasonal assemblages of zooplankton species, which demonstrates the ability of our toolkit to audit community composition. We were also able to detect clear departures from the regular seasonal patterns that occurred during an extreme marine heatwave. The integration of eDNA analyses with existing biotic and abiotic surveys delivers a powerful new long-term approach to monitoring the health of our world's oceans in the context of a rapidly changing climate.Author summary All environments contain genetic remnants of the life they contain and support. For example, samples collected from the ocean contain biological material such as microscopic organisms, shed cells, excrement and salivathe DNA from which reveals the surrounding marine biodiversity. Environmental DNA (eDNA) approaches have the ability to identify marine species that are notoriously difficult to identify using morphology alone. Here we develop, and apply, a DNA toolkit' to five years of samples collected from a single site in the Indian ocean. It is rare to find a temporal series of samples of this duration that are also suitable for DNA analysis. We show that eDNA techniques have the capacity to monitor ocean biology in fine detail. We demonstrate how the biological communities of plankton and fish respond to normal seasonal changes and, more importantly, to that of an uncharacteristic heatwave. The methods embodied in this paper are applicable to marine studies across the globe and, as such, pave the way for the design of long-term monitoring programs using eDNA.