Distribution of Japanese Eel Anguilla japonica Revealed by Environmental DNA
Distribution of Japanese Eel Anguilla japonica Revealed by Environmental DNA
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DOI：
10.3389/fevo.2021.621461
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发表时间：
2021-02-25
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Yamashita, Yoh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kasai, Akihide;Yamazaki, Aya;Yamashita, Yoh
日本鳗鲡的数量在最近几十年迅速减少。日本环境省和国际自然保护联盟在重新评估日本鳗鱼灭绝的可能性后，分别于2013年和2014年将日本鳗鱼列为濒危物种。然而，由于它们的不确定性和难以捕获，它们的丰度和确切分布从未得到澄清。在这项研究中，日本鳗鱼的分布进行了调查，通过监测环境DNA（eDNA），一种非侵入性和有效的检测方法。从日本全国265条河流中采集了365份水样。在太平洋一侧的河流中检测到高浓度的日本鳗鱼eDNA，但在日本海一侧较低。特别是，在北海道和日本海北部确认的eDNA扩增非常少。日本河流中的eDNA分布与海洋中幼虫的运输相吻合，数值模拟估计。广义线性混合模型被开发来解释eDNA浓度的分布。在最佳模型中，总氮浓度是一个重要因素。这些结果表明，日本鳗鲡的分布主要取决于海洋运输，其生存和生长取决于河流中丰富的食物。本研究的结果是有用的种群管理和日本鳗鱼的保护。
The abundance of Japanese eel Anguilla japonica has rapidly decreased in recent decades. Following a re-evaluation of the possibility of extinction, the Japanese Ministry of the Environment and the International Union for Conservation of Nature listed the Japanese eel as an endangered species in 2013 and 2014, respectively. However, their abundance and precise distribution have never been clarified owing to their nocturnality and difficulty in their capture. In this study, the distribution of Japanese eels was investigated by monitoring for environmental DNA (eDNA), a non-invasive and efficient detection method. A total of 365 water samples were collected from 265 rivers located throughout Japan. High concentrations of eDNA of Japanese eels were detected in rivers on the Pacific side, but were low in the Sea of Japan side. In particular, very little eDNA amplification was confirmed from Hokkaido and the north of the Sea of Japan. The eDNA distribution in Japanese rivers coincides with the transport of the larvae in the ocean, as estimated by numerical simulations. Generalized linear mixed models were developed to explain the distribution of eDNA concentrations. The total nitrogen concentration emerged as an important factor in the best model. These results indicate that the distribution of Japanese eel is mostly determined by the maritime larval transport, and their survival and growth depend on the abundance of food in the river. The findings of the present study are useful for the management of populations and in the conservation of Japanese eels.