A comparison of independently conducted dose assessments to determine compliance and resettlement options for the people of Rongelap Atoll.
A comparison of independently conducted dose assessments to determine compliance and resettlement options for the people of Rongelap Atoll.
复制标题
对独立进行的剂量评估进行比较，以确定朗格拉普环礁人民的依从性和重新安置方案。
作者：
S. Simon;W. Robison;M. Thorne;L. Toburen;B. Franke;K. Baverstock;H. Pettingill
1954年，朗格拉普岛是马绍尔人的家园，人口不到120人；当年3月，岛上有67人严重暴露在原子武器试验产生的放射性沉降物中。朗格拉普岛上的居民在试验后50小时被疏散，3小时后返回，然后在1985年自愿离开他们的家园，因为他们一直担心残留放射性污染的辐射暴露。在1991年的国际谈判之后，马绍尔群岛共和国政府、朗格拉普环礁地方政府、美国能源部和美国内政部于1992年初签署了一份谅解备忘录。在这份谅解备忘录中，双方同意马绍尔群岛共和国在美国能源部的协助下进行独立的剂量评估，以便就与安全重新安置朗格拉普有关的辐射问题向朗格拉普社区提供协助和咨询。《谅解备忘录》制定了两个行动级别，双方同意用于确定是否应将缓解作为重新安置朗格拉普岛的条件：(1)今后任何人接受的年剂量不应超过1毫西弗或超过自然本底辐射的剂量，前提是他/她的饮食仅由当地生产的食物组成；(2)钚和其他超铀元素的表层土壤总浓度必须低于629 Bq kg(-1)（高于表层5厘米的平均值）。在两年内（1992-1993年）收集了环境放射数据和饮食资料，目的是预测将来可能重新定居的朗格拉佩塞人可能受到的剂量。1994年报告了四次独立评估，包括下列各实体的一次评估：马绍尔群岛全国放射学研究；劳伦斯利弗莫尔国家实验室；来自联合王国的独立顾问；和国家研究委员会的一个委员会。所有四项评估得出的结论是，如果严格使用当地食物，可能有超过25%的成年人口可能超过1毫西弗（-1）的剂量水平。本报告的目的是总结四项评估的方法、假设和结果；总结与缓解和重新安置方案有关的建议；讨论该研究独特的纲领性方面；并考虑这些发现对朗格拉普人未来的影响。
Rongelap Island was the home of Marshallese people numbering less than 120 in 1954; 67 were on the island and severely exposed to radioactive fallout from an atomic weapons test in March of that year. Those resident on Rongelap were evacuated 50 h after the test, returned 3 y later, then voluntarily left their home island in 1985 due to their ongoing fear of radiation exposure from residual radioactive contamination. Following international negotiations in 1991, a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) was signed in early 1992 between the Republic of the Marshall Islands Government, the Rongelap Atoll Local Government, the U.S. Department of Energy, and the U.S. Department of the Interior. In this MOU it was agreed that the Republic of the Marshall Islands, with the aid of the U.S. Department of Energy, would carry out independent dose assessments for the purpose of assisting and advising the Rongelap community on radiological issues related to a safe resettlement of Rongelap. The MOU enacted two action levels which were agreed to be used to establish whether mitigation should be considered as a condition for resettlement of Rongelap Island: (1) no individual should receive an annual dose in the future of 1 mSv or more, above that from natural background radiation, assuming that his/her diet consists of only locally produced foods, and (2) the total surface soil concentration of plutonium and other transuranic elements must be less than 629 Bq kg(-1) (averaged over the top 5 cm). Environmental radiological data and dietary information were collected over two years (1992-1993) for the purpose of predicting future potential doses to Rongelapese who might resettle. In 1994, four independent assessments were reported, including one from each of the following entities: Marshall Islands Nationwide Radiological Study; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; an independent advisor from the United Kingdom (MCT); and a committee of the National Research Council. All four assessments concluded that possibly more than 25% of the adult population could exceed the 1 mSv y(-1) dose level based on strict utilization of a local food diet. The purpose of this report is to summarize the methodology, assumptions, and findings from each of four assessments; to summarize the recommendations related to mitigation and resettlement options; to discuss unique programmatic aspects of the study; and to consider the implications of the findings to the future of the Rongelap people.