Effects of combined application of vermicompost and mineral fertilizer on the growth of Allium cepa L. and soil fertility
Effects of combined application of vermicompost and mineral fertilizer on the growth of Allium cepa L. and soil fertility
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/jpln.201000390
复制
发表时间：
2012-02
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
P. Srivastava;M. Gupta;R. Upadhyay;S. Sharma;Shikha;Nandita Singh;S. Tewari;Bajrang Singh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Srivastava;M. Gupta;R. Upadhyay;S. Sharma;Shikha;Nandita Singh;S. Tewari;Bajrang Singh
摘要有机农业的推广包括减少矿物肥料的大量使用。比较了蚯蚓粪（10 Mg ha-1）、商品无机肥（NPK-100：80：80）及其配施对主要经济作物洋葱生长的影响;（2）改良土壤可能发生的变化。试验采用完全随机区组设计，在2008/09年作物生长季进行，重复4次。结果表明，蚯蚓粪与NPK配合/混合处理显著提高了洋葱鳞茎的营养生长、每鳞茎的分蘖数和长度、鳞茎的鲜重以及洋葱分蘖/叶的生化特性（叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、蛋白质和总糖含量）。与对照相比，混合处理的鳞茎大小（54%）、每床鳞茎总数（52%）和所有鳞茎的鲜重（198%）增加。与单独施用蚯蚓粪或矿物肥相比，复合处理土壤的化学性质和酶活性也有明显改善。有机碳、微生物生物量碳和硫酸盐含量均显著高于单施化肥处理，分别增加60%、127%和126%。与单施化肥相比，混施处理的β-葡萄糖苷酶、碱性磷酸酶和淀粉酶活性分别显著提高了145%、91%和71%。本研究表明，与单施无机肥或蚯蚓粪相比，无机肥与蚯蚓粪配施对土壤的生物学性质和肥力有积极的影响，对植物生长有较好的支持作用。研究表明，这种配施方式可使球茎作物栽培中无机肥料的用量和成本降低50%，同时还能维持热带和亚热带土壤的生物活性。
Abstract The promotion of organic farming involves curtailing extensive use of mineral fertilizers. The pre-sent study was aimed to compare the effects of vermicompost (10 Mg ha –1 ), commercial mineralfertilizer (NPK—100:80:80), and their combinationon (1) the growth of a major cash crop “onion”( Allium cepa L.) and (2) the changes that may have occurred in the amended soil. The experi-ment was a randomized complete block design with four replications during the crop-growingseason of 2008/09. Results showed significantly higher plant growth in the combined/mix treat-ment of vermicompost and NPK, as measured by the vegetative growth of bulbs, number andlength of tillers per bulb, and fresh weight of bulbs and by the biochemical characteristics of theonion tillers/leaves (total chlorophyll, caretenoids, protein, and total sugar contents). Compari-son of the mixed treatment as compared to the control showed increases in bulb size (54%),total number of bulbs per bed (52%), and fresh weight of all bulbs (198%). The chemical proper-ties and enzyme activity of the amended soil also improved significantly in the combined treat-ment as compared to the application of vermicompost or the mineral fertilizer alone. Totalorganic C, microbial biomass C, and sulfate content were significantly higher in the mix treat-ment, with increases of 60%, 127%, and 126%, respectively, as compared to those of the chemi-cal-fertilizer-alone treatment. Similarly, b-glucosidase, alkaline phosphatase, and dehydrogen-ase were significantly higher by 145%, 91%, 71%, respectively, in the mix treatment as compar-ed to those of fertilizer-alone application. This study indicates that application of a combinationof mineral fertilizer and vermicompost in the field can positively influence the biological proper-ties and fertility of soils, and support better plant growth, when compared to the application ofmineral fertilizer or vermicompost alone. The study suggests that this combined application canreduce the quantity and cost of mineral-fertilizers application for bulbous-crop cultivation by50%, while also sustaining soil biologicalactivity of tropical and subtropical soils.